Missed Terms (All Exams)

Question 1

Response Control

Answer 1

Associated with Behaviour therapy. Loss of conditioned enforcers (e.g. tokens) to suppress a response. Similar to negative punishment

Question 2

Restriction of range

Answer 2

From Stats. The limitation of the full possible range of responses to only a narrow range due to - sampling, measurement procedures, other aspects of the experimental design. E.g. if studying nGPA there will be a restriction of range if only students from the Dean’s list are included in the sample.

Question 3

Counterconditioning

Answer 3

Adding a positive stimulus to a feared/negative experience to make the experience neutral/positive

Question 4

Aversive Conditioning

Answer 4

Makes a behaviour less appealing by pairing it with a negative stimulus (sometimes used to treat alcohol abuse)

Question 5

Kohlburg - Moral Development

Answer 5

Six steps, three groups:
0-9
1. Obedience and Punishment
2. Individualism and Exchange
Adolescents and Adults
3. Developing Good Interpersonal Relationships (being ‘good’, being ‘nice’)
4. Maintaining Social Order
Abstract Principles
5. Social Contract + Individual Rights
6. Universal Principles

Question 6

James Marcia

Answer 6

Theory of Identity Development
- Identity Diffusion (noncommittal)
- Identity Foreclosure (Choosing Inaction)
- Identity-Moratorium (actively exploring but undecided)
- Identity Achievement (commitment after exploration)

Question 7

Non-Verbal Memory

Answer 7

Sense-memory
Memory of faces, sensory input (e.g, smell, non-language sounds like music)
Stored in right-temporal lobe

Question 8

Social Facilitation

Answer 8

I/O and Social Psych
Presence of others can improve outcomes/productivity on low-complexity tasks. Presence of others can reduce productivity if the task is complex.

Question 9

Job Enrichment vs Job Enlargement

Answer 9

Enrichment: Adds depth, autonomy, meaning. Increases satisfaction and performance.
Enlargement: adds breadth, variety (on the same level). Increases satisfaction but not performance.

Question 10

Protocol Analysis

Answer 10

Research Method
aka Think Aloud Method
Subjects outline their thought processes and tasks as they are completed

Question 11

Idiosyncrasy Credits

Answer 11

Social Psych - Hollander
An individual’s ability to deviate from group norms to an acceptable limit. Credits are build up through conformity and competency

Question 12

Errors in Early Word Use

Answer 12

Overgeneralization - application of a general principle of word change to a word that changes irregularly (e.g. come-ed instead of came)

Overextension - a single word to label multiple different things (e.g., all dogs are ‘arthur’)

Under-extension - failure to extend a word to other items in similar categories

Holographic speech - one word to represent a complex idea

Telegraphic speech - simplified (e.g. two-word) noun-verb sentences