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Missed Question Flashcards

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1
Q

Cataracts symptoms

A

Blurred vision

Reduce ability to distinguish among different colors

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2
Q

When should live vaccine be avoided

A

Pregnancy
Treatment with immunoglobulin such as in Kawasaki disease
And immunosuppressed

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3
Q

Complications of tetralogy of falot

A

Seizure

Loss of consciousness or death from anoxia

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4
Q

Drugs interactions with Nsaid 1st generation of cox 1 and cox2

A 
Anticoagulant 
Glucocorticoids 
Alcohol 
Ace inhibitors 
Angiotensin receptors inhibitors
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5
Q

Intravenous pyelogram

A

Bowel preparation
NPO after midnight
Iodine sensitivity

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6
Q

Caring for cast

A

Neurovascular check every hour for 24hrs

Elevation to reduce swelling

Ice in the first 24 hours

Complications
Itching
Compartment syndrome

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7
Q

Digoxin

A

Hypokalemia increases digoxin toxicity

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8
Q

Chiari malformation complications

A 
Result in hydrocephalus 
Infant 
Bulging fontanels
Head enlargement 
Dilated scalp veins
Frontal protrusion 
Irritability 
High pitched cry and seizure 
Childhood 
Headache 
Ataxia 
Papilledema
Strabismus 
Irritability confusion lethargic incoherent

Muscle spasticity weakness and atrophy

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9
Q

Nursing intervention

A 
Place kid on side or knee chest
Allow children to squat
Oxygen at 100% face mask
Morphine or just iv fluid to treat cyanotic episodes 
Daily weight 
High calorie formula
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10
Q

Presbycusis

A

Difficulty hearing high frequency sounds

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11
Q

What are possible complications of shocks

A

Organ failure
Multiple organ failure
Disseminated intravascular coagulation due to body overuse of clotting factors which fails to clot blood and result in bleeding

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12
Q

Seizure precautions

A 
Raise side rails and pad hard objects 
Swim with supervision 
Use protective headwear/ padding for sports or physical activity 
Wear a medical alert bracelet 
Set driving restrictions for teens
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13
Q

Symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia

A 
Goose flesh below the level of injury 
Profuse sweating above the level of injury 
Flushing of the skin
Nasal congestion 
Nausea 
Headache 
High blood pressure
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14
Q

Cytoscopy

A

Informed consent
Bowel prep
NPO

Post procedure 
Monitor 
Abdominal distention
Urinary frequency
Fever

Complications
Perforation of urinary track or bladder as demonstrated by pelvic pain

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15
Q

Signs of poor perfusion

A 
Hypotension 
Tachycardia 
Weak thready or absent peripheral pulse
Capillary refill greater than 3srconds
Cool clammy pale skin
Decreased level of consciousness 
Oliguria
Diaphoresis
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16
Q

Insulin type
Onset
Peak
Duration

A 
Fastest
Insulin humalog
O: 15 minutes
P: 30 minutes 
D: 2-3hours

Fast: regular insulin
O: 30 minutes
P: 1-2 hours
D: 2-4 hours

Slow: NPH insulin
O: 1 hours
P: 2-4 hours
D: 10-24hrs

Slowest: insulin glargine
O: 1-2 hours
P: none
D: 24hrs

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of fluid overload

A 
Rapid bounding pulse 
Jugular vein distension 
Hypertension 
Dyspnea
Crackles
Peripheral edema 
Urine specific gravity les than 1.01
Decreased hemoglobin hematocrit bun because of hemodilution
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18
Q

Type of diets

A

Low purine diet = restrict meats anchovies beer wine

Low residual/ low fiber= reduce intake of canned fruit, refined carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables

Food that are high in refined carbohydrates are usually low in fiber

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19
Q

Clinical manifestations of CF

A

Salty skin because of loss of chlorine salt
Infertility
Delayed puberty
Increased risk for miscarriage

Méconium ileus
Steatorrhea fatty and smelly stool 
Wheezes
Atelectasis
Pneumothorax 
Poor absorption of vitamin adek
Poor absorption of protein and fats
Hyperglycemia 
Barrel chest appearance
Clubbing
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20
Q

Teaching for kawasaki disease

A

Sign of aspirin toxicity
Follow up visit with cardiology within a week and 4-6 weeks later
Avoid MMR and varicella for 11 months after treatment with IVIG

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21
Q

Exercise stress test

A

Avoid caffeine/caffeinated beverages
Npo or only eat light meal
Comfortable clothing/footwear

Pharmaceutical stress test
Induced with Dobutamine

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22
Q

BRAT vs CRAM

A

BRAT = not good for diarrhea banana rice

CRAM = good for diarrhea

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23
Q

Frontal lobe functions

A

Controls affect, judgment and emotions
Dysfuntion results in symptoms such as emotional lability changes in personality inattentiveness, flat affect and inappropriate behavior

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24
Q

Therapeutic action of Terbutaline

A

Terbutaline is a beta 2 adrenergic antagonist
A bronchodilator used in acute asthma attack, chronic bronchitis , and emphysema

In labor terbutaline injections is used labor to prevent preterm labor and slow contraction

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25
Q

Monitor patients with tractions

A

Monitor for muscle spasms (weight might be heavier)
Pain monitoring
Pin site care

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26
Q

Priority in hypertensive crisis

A

High risk for rupture of cerebral blood vessels leading to a stroke

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27
Q

Symptoms of kawasaki disease

A 
Acute phase
Unresolved fever after 5 days
Conjunctiva
Strawberry tongue
Reddened and crackled lips 
Rash on body and genital parts
Irritability 
Cervical lymphadenopathy 
Subacute phase
Acute symptoms clear
Thrombocytosis
Dilated coronary arteries 
Skin peeling on fingers and toes
Arthritis affecting the large weight bearing joints
Convalescent phase
Most symptoms resolve but abnormal lab values can persist
Anemia thrombocytosis elevated ALT
High WBC
Low albumin 
High wbc urine
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28
Q

Symptoms of salicylism

A

Early sign = tinnitius, headache

Long term sign = nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis

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29
Q

autonomic dysreflexia causes

A 
Seen above T6 level
Noxious stimulus below the level of injury 
Full bladder
Enema/bowel movement 
Rectal examination
30
Q

Enema

A

Indications: abdominal distension
Bowel preparation
Soften hardened stool

Contraindications: rectal surgery
Colon surgery
Acute MI
Appendicitis

Complications
Hyperphosphatemia
Perforation
Sepsis

31
Q

Positioning after hip arthroplasty

A

Keeping legs abducted while in bed or sitting in chair
Prevention of hip flexion greater than 90
Avoid sitting in low chairs and install raised toilet seat
Use two pillows or abductions pillows between legs when sleeping

32
Q

Fifth disease

A

Contagious during prodromal phase

Once rash appears, no longer contagious

33
Q

Ecg section explanation

A

P wave= atrial depolarization
QRS = ventricular depolarization
ST = early ventricular repolarization
T wave =ventricular repolarization

34
Q

Post surgery complications

A 
Hemorrhage
Atelectasis/pneumonia 
VTE
Paralytic ileus
SSI
Dehiscence 
Evisceration
Urinary retention 
Neurocognitive complications
Psychosocial complications
35
Q

Symptoms of ventricular septum defect

A 
Heart murmur 
Tachycardia 
Retractions
Cool extremities
Wheezing
36
Q

Antidote for Warfarin

A

Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma

37
Q

Diet for patient with liver disease

A

Low protein and high carbohydrates because the liver can no longer metabolize protein which can result in accumulation of ammonia in the body

High carbohydrate tomeet caloric and metabolic needs

38
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or infantile polyarteritis affects mucous membranes lymph nodes walls of the blood vessels and the heart
It can cause inflammation or the arteries especially the coronary arteries of the heart which can result in aneurysm and myocardial infarction in the child

To avoid cardiac complications from
Kawasaki disease treatment IVIG and aspirin should be started in 10 days

39
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

Redness around the belly button
The aorta large vessel coming directly from the heart within the abdomen can tear during trauma often resulting in a sudden emergency

40
Q

Clinical manifestations of DI

A 
Increased serum sodium and osmolality 
Weight loss 
Dehydration 
Hypotension 
Tachycardia
41
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Limit
Demyelination of white matter
Cranial nerves alteration

Interventions

Bowel/bladder training
ROM exercises
Coordination exercise
Medications: muscle relaxant

42
Q

Tramadol
Pharmaceutical action
And side effects

A

Centrally acting analgesic
Block reuptake of NE and Serotonin

Side effects 
Sedation 
Dizziness headaches 
Seizure 
Nausea
Urinary retention
43
Q

Symptoms of fat embolism

A 
Dyspnea
Tachycardia 
Petechia on chest
Low grade fever
Hypotension
44
Q

Signs of skull fracture

A

Bleeding from the wound near location of trauma
Eyes
Ears
And nose

45
Q

Ideal conditions for optimal vaginal delivery

A

Lie- longitudinal
Présentation- céphalique/ vertex (head first)
Attitude- flexion of head and extremities
Position- loa and ROA

46
Q

Compare contrast gromerulonephritis

A

Both are autoimmune disease
Glomerulonephritis can be caused by untreated strep throat or lupus and nephrotic syndrome causes are unknown but DM is a risk factor

Glomerulonephritis symptoms are hematuria, proteinuria

Nephrotic syndrome has massive protein in urine, low albumin in blood and edema
Hypoalbulmin trigger the liver to make more albumin and hence more lipids. So hypoalbumiemia is often followed by hyperlipidemia

47
Q

Food cross reactivity with latex

A 
Apple
Avocado 
Banana 
Carrot
Celery
Chestnut 
Kiwi
Melon
Papaya
Raw potatoes 
Tomato
48
Q

Causes of Diabetes Insipidus

A

Head trauma
Pituitary tumor
CNS infection

49
Q

End of childhood reflexes

A

Moro reflexes ends around 4-6 months
Babinski around 2 years
Stepping reflex ends around 2months
Sucking reflex ends 4 months

50
Q

Isometric

A

Contract relax muscle without moving affected part

51
Q

Symptoms of abstinence syndrome

A 
Sudden withdrawal from opioid 
Nausea
Vomiting 
Anorexia
Abdominal cramps
Tremors
Fever
52
Q

Clinical manifestations of peritonitis

A 
Cloudy dialysate
Rebond tenderness
Diffuse abdominal pain
Vomiting 
Diarrhea 
Hyperactive bowel sounds 
Fever
53
Q

Physiologic responses noted during acute pain in neonate

A

Change in Vital signs

Oxygenation

Dilated pupils
Increased muscle tone

54
Q

What medications should not be taken with milk

A

Ferrous sulfate
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Ciprofloxacin

55
Q

Transesopheal echocardiography

A

NPO hours before
Gag reflex before client resume oral intake
Monitor for respiratory depression
Offering throat lozenges for dry tongue

56
Q

Symptoms for tetralogy of falot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septic defect
Overriding aorta
Hyperatrophy of the right ventricle

Cyanosis at birth
Murmur
Blue spells or tet spells from hypoxia May occur with crying or feeding

57
Q

Signs of low cardiac output

A 
Low BP
High HR
SOB
Low urine output
Unrelieved chest pain
58
Q

Four markers that indicate child readiness to toilet train

A

Awareness of urge to void or stool
Interest inand motivation to use toilet
Being dry for at least 2 hours during the day
Ability to pull pants up and down

59
Q

Monitoring schedule after cardiac catherization

A

Monitor for 7 hours
4x 15 minutes
4x 30 minutes
4 x 1 hour

60
Q

Complications after thyrodectomy

A

Hypocalcemia
Assess patient for signs and symptoms of thyrodectomy
Positive trousseau sign
Positive chevosek sign
Numbness and tingling of the lips or fingertips
Muscle twitching
Muscle spasms

61
Q

Treatment of hydrocephalus

A

Ventriloperitoneal shunt

Complications of vp shunt
Infection and malfunction

Malfunctions lead to increased ICP which manifestations are
Loss of consciousness 
Decreased HR
Increased BP
Decreased RR
Headache 
Blurred vision

Late signs of ICP is the cushing triad
Hypertension with widened pulse pressure
Bradycardia And abnormal respirations

62
Q

Food rich in potassium

A 
Oranges
Bananas
Tomatoes 
Potatoes 
Squash
Dark leafy vegetables
63
Q

Complications of ventricular septal defect

A 
Excess fluid in lungs leading to congestive heart failure 
Clinical finding of CHF
Impaired myocardial function 
Pulmonary congestion 
Systemic venous congestion
64
Q

Signs/symptoms of air embolism

A

Dyspnea
Continuous coughing
Chest pain

Nursing interventions
Trendelenburg position
Inspect integrity of the CVAD
Changing dressing and cleansing insertion site with chlohexedine

65
Q

Care of patients with Tracheostomy

A

Suction no longer than 10s
Hyperoxygenate prior to and immediately

Acute complications: bleeding
Infection 
Air leak
Subcutaneous emphysema 
Tube displacement

Chronic complications altered body image
Tracheal necrosis
Tracheal stenosis

66
Q

FAST

A

Facial droop
Arm weakness
Speech difficulties
Time

67
Q

What is ketogenic diet

A

Diet use to reduce fever activity
Avoid carbohydrates and glucose
Consume high fats and proteins
Encourage additional vitamin and supplements

68
Q

Erickson 8 stages of development

A

Infant to 18 months: trust vs mistrust
18 months to 3 years : autonomy vs shame and doubt

3 years to 5 years: initiative vs guilt

5 to 13 years: industry vs inferiority

13-21 years: identity vs role confusion

21-39 years : intimacy vs. Isolation

40 -65 years: generativity vs stagnation

65 and older: Ego integrity vs Despair

69
Q

Drugs not to take with grapefruit

A 
Statin
Nifedipine 
Buspirone
Budesonide
Amiodarone
70
Q

Additional complications of dehydration

A

DVT due to hemo concentration related to blood viscosity

71
Q

How can you differentiate type of stroke?

Characteristics of ischemic stroke

A

Slow progression of symptoms
Weakness on right side
Asymetrical smile or facia movement

72
Q

Side effects of glucocorticoids

A

Effect on blood sugar = hyperglycemia
Effect on electrolytes imbalance
Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia

Infection
Bone loss
Headache

Nclex Review (2 decks)

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