misleading information

Question 1

what are the 6 AO1 points i should know for misleading information?

Answer 1

-Definition of Misleading Information
-Leading Questions
-Loftus & Palmer (1974) – Leading Questions Study
-Memory Substitution Explanation
-Post-Event Discussion (PED)
-Gabbert et al. (2003) – Post-Event Discussion Study

Question 2

What is misleading information in eyewitness testimony?

Answer 2

It’s incorrect information given after an event (e.g. through questioning or discussion), which can distort memory recall.

Question 3

What are leading questions?

Answer 3

Questions that suggest a particular answer, which can bias a witness’s memory (e.g. “How fast was the car going when it smashed into the other?”).

Question 4

What did Loftus & Palmer (1974) find?

Answer 4

Participants gave higher speed estimates when stronger verbs (e.g. “smashed”) were used. Wording of questions influenced memory recall.

Question 5

What is the memory substitution explanation?

Answer 5

Leading questions may change the stored memory, not just the response. This is called memory substitution.

Question 6

What is post-event discussion (PED)?

Answer 6

When co-witnesses talk, it can lead to memory contamination – people combine information from others into their own memory.

Question 7

What did Gabbert et al. (2003) find about PED?

Answer 7

71% of participants recalled misleading info from co-witnesses. In the control group (no discussion), it was 0% – showing memory conformity.