Miscellanious

Question 1

Gustav Fechner

Answer 1

Absolute Threshold; bare minimum to detect stimuli 50% of time

Question 2

Ernst Weber

Answer 2

Weber’s Law; JND bare minimum 50% of time to detect change in stimuli

Question 3

William Dament

Answer 3

coined phrase Rapid Eye Movement (REM sleep)

Question 4

John Allan Hobson & Robert McCarley

Answer 4

Activation synthesis; dreams are random firing of neurons; logical parts of brain shut down; increased emotions and release of chemicals = dillusions

Question 5

Franz Anton Mesmer

Answer 5

passing a force called animal magnetism into another’s body; early hypnosis

Question 6

Ernest R. Hilgard

Answer 6

“hidden observers”; patients don’t feel pain or discomfort

Question 7

Garcia

Answer 7

Taste-Aversion

One exception to stimulus contiguity

Question 8

Michael Domjan

Answer 8

Using ecologically relevant neutral stimulus, creates a stronger association than irrelevant NS

Question 9

Joseph Wolpe

Answer 9

Systematic Desensitization-used for anxiety disorders

Question 10

Revenson

Answer 10

Threat Management-

Dream about dangers, and how to react

Question 11

Breland & Breland

Answer 11

Instinctive Drift

Born traits can’t be unlearned

Question 12

Thorndike

Answer 12

Law of effect- reward leads to + or - in behavior

Also called instrumental learning

Question 13

Tolman

Answer 13

Latent Learning- learning by making a cognitive map

Question 14

Rescorla

Answer 14

Predictable amount of CS, when being paired

Question 15

Craick & Lockhart

Answer 15

3 levels of encoding

• structural
• Phonemic
• Semantic

Question 16

Allen Paivio

Answer 16

Dual Encoding Theory- more likely to remember if we know what it looks like and means

Question 17

Frederic Bartlett

Answer 17

Reconstructive nature of memory by replacing what you don’t know with mental schemas

Question 18

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Answer 18

The forgetting curve based on nonsense syllables

Question 19

Endel Tulving

Answer 19

Split declarative memory

• episodic
• semantic

Question 20

Ellen Winner

Answer 20

Work with the profoundly gifted children ( over 180 in IQ)

Question 21

Nelson Cowan & George Miller

Answer 21

Working memory equals short term memory
Cowan is up to 4 things + or -
George is 7 things + or - 2

Question 22

Wilder Penfield

Answer 22

Electrically stimulated temporal lobe on the left side to bring back memories of the central stream

Question 23

Elizabeth Loftus

Answer 23

Misinformation effect- the way someone is asked influences their response

Question 24

M. Johnson

Answer 24

Source monitoring-where exactly the source comes from

Reality monitoring-actual or not real whether it’s made up or no

Question 25

Atkinson + Shrifftin

Answer 25

3 types of memory

• Sensory(up to 2-3 seconds)
• Echoic(Hearing)
• Iconic(Sight)

Question 26

E. Kandal

Answer 26

Long Term Potentiation-more we do stronger neural connections are

Question 27

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 27

Heriditary intelligence

Question 28

Lewis Terman

Answer 28

Stanford Binet test

Intelligence quotient
Mental age/chronological age x 100

Question 29

Sandra Scarr

Answer 29

Reaction Range of intelligence

Where you fall on genetic IQ range determines environment

Question 30

Alfred Kinsey

Answer 30

Homosexuality is on a scale of 0-7, (0 the most, 7 the least)

Question 31

Thomas and Chess

Answer 31

Ran a study on different temperament babies,
slow warm up
easy going
difficult

Question 32

Jerome Kagan

Answer 32

Types of temperament
Inhibited = shy, close to parents
Uninhibited = outgoing, and risktakers

Question 33

David McClelland

Answer 33

high achievers set medium level goals for higher success rate, motivated, by incentive of success

Question 34

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 34

6 stages of moral development starting with 3 main stages of preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional

Question 35

Carol Gilligan

Answer 35

Doesn’t approve of Kohlberg’s theory because it doesn’t acknowledge women, and their morals