Miscellaneous Flashcards
1
Q
What are ecchymoses?
A
Discolouration of the skin as a result of bleeding underneath
2
Q
What are petechiae?
A
Small (1-3mm), red, non-blanching macular lesions caused by intradermal capillary bleeding
3
Q
What are purpura?
A
Larger, typically raised lesions resulting from bleeding within the skin
4
Q
In younger patients, what do gum bleeding, purpura or ecchymoses raise the possibility of?
A
- TTP – thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- HUS – haemolytic uraemic syndrome
- Infections – e.g. meningococcal sepsis
- Haematological malignancies – leukaemia’s
5
Q
When are TTP and HUS considered in patients?
A
Patients who present with purpura and urinary manifestations such as haematuria or oliguria
6
Q
What are the differentials of petechiae?
A
- Leukaemia
- Meningococcal septicaemia
- Vasculitis
- Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
- Idiopathic theompocytopenia purpura (ITP)
- Non-accidental injury
7
Q
What is the main side effect of radiotherapy?
A
Increases risk of solid tumours
- Lung cancer in smokers
- Breast cancer in young women
8
Q
What are the side effects of chemotherapy?
A
- Alopecia
- Infertility
- Heart problems
- Neutropenic sepsis
- Secondary malignancies
