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Nephrology > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered an annual rapid decline in GFR?

A

> 3 ml/min

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2
Q

What are expected 24 hour urine creatinine levels?

A

Men = 25 mg/kg/day

Women = 20 mg/kg/day

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3
Q

What size is considered when evaluating an atrophic kidney?

A

< 10 cm long

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4
Q

What can cause an elevated Cystatin C?

A

Steroids
Hypothyroidism
Rheumatoid arthritis

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5
Q

What are the ANCA lab findings with the following:
GPA?
eGPA?
MPA?
Drug induced vasculitis?

A

GPA: + cANCA, + PR3
eGPA: +pANCA, + MPO
MPA: +pANCA, + MPO
Drug induced vasculitis: +pANCA, + MPO

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6
Q

Is MPO or PR3 positivity more likely to indicate extrarenal manifestations?

A

PR3

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7
Q

What five drugs are implicated in drug induced vasculitis?

A

Propylthiouracil
Hydralazine
Levamisole
Allopurinol
Minocycline

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8
Q

What is the treatment for AAV?

A

Induction:
Steroids + Cyclophosphamide OR Rituximab

Maintenance:
Rituximab OR Azathioprine

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9
Q

In addition to steroids, which induction agent is indicated for AAV in those with severe AKI (ie RRT)?

A

Cyclophosphamide

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10
Q

What is the Rule of Six for AVF?

A

At 6 weeks post-creation:
1) AVF supports BFR > 600 mL/min
2) AVF is < 6 mm from skin surface
3) AVF has a diameter > 6 cm

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11
Q

What is the treatment for malakoplakia?

A

Antibiotics + Bethanechol + Vitamin C

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12
Q

Exposure to what compound is implicated in Balkan Endemic Nephropathy?

A

Aristolochic acid

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13
Q

What drug can result in a false positive urinary ketone test?

A

Tiopronin

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14
Q

What will the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and PTH be in adynamic bone disease?

A

Normal

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15
Q

What is the drug of choice for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

Thiazide

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16
Q

How do you calculate transferrin saturation?

A

Iron / TIBC

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17
Q

What is the drug of choice for struvite stones in a patient who is not a surgical candidate?

A

Acetohydroxamic acid

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18
Q

How do you estimate total protein intake by urine urea nitrogen?

A

UUN / 0.16

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19
Q

What is the recommended amount of protein intake for those with CKD?

A

0.6 g/kg/d

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20
Q

What is the drug of choice for scleroderma renal crisis?

A

ACEi

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21
Q

Mutations in UMOD and MUC1 can lead to what condition?

A

Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease

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22
Q

When should you perform an initial screen for cerebral aneurysms in ADPKD patients?

A

For those with a high risk occupation OR family history

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23
Q

How often should you screen ADPKD patients with cerebral aneurysms?

A

Every 1-5 year for high risk occupation
Every 5-10 years for + family history

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24
Q

What size cerebral aneurysms in ADPKD patients require treatment?

A

10 mm of larger

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25
Q

Outside of sodium bicarbonate, what should be given in cases of ASA overdose?

A

Dextrose

26
Q

Colistin is associated with what form of AKI?

A

ATN

27
Q

What is the main symptom of balkan endemic nephropathy?

A

Gross hematuria

28
Q

High or low urine pH can result in false positive protein detection?

A

Alkaline urine

29
Q

Contrast location of skin lesions in acquired perforating dermatosis and porphyria cutanea tarda?

A

APD: Friction areas
PCT: Sun exposed areas

30
Q

What is the pathophysiology and treatment of cystinosis?

A

Pathophysiology: lysosomal cystine accumulation (PTECs)
Treatment: PO + IO cysteamine

31
Q

Contrast renal lesions seen in VHL and TSC?

A

VHL: clear cell carcinoma
TSC: angiomyolipomas

32
Q

What is the drug used to treat angiomyolipomas > 3 cm?

A

mTori

33
Q

Most renal cyst infections are cultured to be what organism?

A

E. coli

34
Q

Best antihypertensive for breastfeeding patient?

A

Labetalol

35
Q

Inheritance pattern and pathophysiology of Dent Disease?

A

X-linked recessive
Lysosomal CLCN5 defect

36
Q

Inheritance pattern and pathophysiology of Pendred Syndrome?

A

Autosomal recessive
Pendrin issue (goiter, hearing loss)

37
Q

What is the mechanism of kidney injury for the following drugs:
Synthetic cannabinoids?
Synthetic cathinones?
Cocaine?
Ketamine?
MDMA?

A

Synthetic cannabinoids: ATN
Synthetic cathinones: rhabdomyolysis
Cocaine: rhabdomyolysis
Ketamine: obstruction
MDMA: rhabdomyolysis

38
Q

Propofol can cause benign ________ crystalluria?

A

uric acid

39
Q

5-ASA mechanism of kidney injury?

A

Interstitial nephritis

40
Q

Contrast appearance of urinary acyclovir crystals and sulfa crystals?

A

Acyclovir: needle shaped
Sulfa: fan shaped

41
Q

Which drugs can be prophylactically used to prevent flares of:
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis?

A

Hypokalemia periodic paralysis: acetazolamide
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: HCTZ
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: propranolol

42
Q

Inheritance patterns for the following conditions:
Fabry disease?
Dent disease?
Cystinosis?
Bartter syndrome?
Gitleman syndrome?
Gordon syndrome?
Liddle syndrome?
Pendred syndrome?
Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism?

A

Fabry = X linked
Dent = X lined recessive
Cystinosis = Autosomal recessive
Bartter = Autosomal recessive
Gitleman = Autosomal recessive
Gordon = Autosomal dominant
Liddle = Autosomal dominant
Pendred = Autosomal recessive
GRA = Autosomal dominant

43
Q

ARPKD is associated with what biliary disorder?

A

Biliary duct dilation

44
Q

Euglycemic DKA can be seen with what class of drugs?

A

SGLT2i

45
Q

Which antihypertensive agent has uricosuric effects?

A

Losartan

46
Q

What is the ideal vein diameter for AVF creation?

A

> 2.5 mm

47
Q

How does the volume status differ in SIADH and CSW?

A

Euvolemic (SIADH) and hypovolemic (CSW)

48
Q

What UOsm levels are seen in those with polyuria secondary to solute diuresis vs water diuresis?

A

UOsm > 300 mOsm/kg with solute diuresis
UOsm < 150 mOsm/kg with water diuresis (ie DI)

49
Q

What is the pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome in long-standing dialysis patient?

A

B2 microglobulin accumulation

50
Q

Colchicine toxicity is increased if one is also on what class of antibiotics?

A

Macrolides

51
Q

What is the treatment for pheochromocytoma prior to surgery?

A

Phenoxybenzamine–> beta blocker–> high salt diet

52
Q

Deficiency in FGF23 OR klotho can result in what condition?

A

Familial tumoral calcinosis

53
Q

What type of PKD1 mutation results in highest ESKD risk?

A

Truncating mutation

54
Q

Which antihypertensive is associated with cardiac tamponade?

A

Minoxidil

55
Q

Carotid artery stenosis screen should occur in patients diagnosed with ________?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

56
Q

Which conditions are more associated with proximal vs distal renal artery stenosis?

A

Proximal = atherosclerosis
Distal = fibromuscular dysplasia

57
Q

Phenytoin can decrease serum levels of ____________?

A

25OH vitamin D

58
Q

True or False: Estrogen can raise blood pressure?

A

True

59
Q

What is the treatment for X linked hypophosphatemia?

A

Barosumab (FGF inhibitor)

60
Q

What is the treatment for glucocorticoid remedial aldosteronism?

A

Corticosteroids + Spironolactone

61
Q

What is the pathophysiology and treatment for Geller’s Syndrome?

A

3rd trimester hypertension due to progesterone mediated mineralocorticoid activation

Treated with delivery and avoidance of spironolactone

Nephrology (10 decks)

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