Miscellaneous Flashcards
What is considered an annual rapid decline in GFR?
> 3 ml/min
What are expected 24 hour urine creatinine levels?
Men = 25 mg/kg/day
Women = 20 mg/kg/day
What size is considered when evaluating an atrophic kidney?
< 10 cm long
What can cause an elevated Cystatin C?
Steroids
Hypothyroidism
Rheumatoid arthritis
What are the ANCA lab findings with the following:
GPA?
eGPA?
MPA?
Drug induced vasculitis?
GPA: + cANCA, + PR3
eGPA: +pANCA, + MPO
MPA: +pANCA, + MPO
Drug induced vasculitis: +pANCA, + MPO
Is MPO or PR3 positivity more likely to indicate extrarenal manifestations?
PR3
What five drugs are implicated in drug induced vasculitis?
Propylthiouracil
Hydralazine
Levamisole
Allopurinol
Minocycline
What is the treatment for AAV?
Induction:
Steroids + Cyclophosphamide OR Rituximab
Maintenance:
Rituximab OR Azathioprine
In addition to steroids, which induction agent is indicated for AAV in those with severe AKI (ie RRT)?
Cyclophosphamide
What is the Rule of Six for AVF?
At 6 weeks post-creation:
1) AVF supports BFR > 600 mL/min
2) AVF is < 6 mm from skin surface
3) AVF has a diameter > 6 cm
What is the treatment for malakoplakia?
Antibiotics + Bethanechol + Vitamin C
Exposure to what compound is implicated in Balkan Endemic Nephropathy?
Aristolochic acid
What drug can result in a false positive urinary ketone test?
Tiopronin
What will the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and PTH be in adynamic bone disease?
Normal
What is the drug of choice for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Thiazide
How do you calculate transferrin saturation?
Iron / TIBC
What is the drug of choice for struvite stones in a patient who is not a surgical candidate?
Acetohydroxamic acid
How do you estimate total protein intake by urine urea nitrogen?
UUN / 0.16
What is the recommended amount of protein intake for those with CKD?
0.6 g/kg/d
What is the drug of choice for scleroderma renal crisis?
ACEi
Mutations in UMOD and MUC1 can lead to what condition?
Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease
When should you perform an initial screen for cerebral aneurysms in ADPKD patients?
For those with a high risk occupation OR family history
How often should you screen ADPKD patients with cerebral aneurysms?
Every 1-5 year for high risk occupation
Every 5-10 years for + family history
What size cerebral aneurysms in ADPKD patients require treatment?
10 mm of larger
Outside of sodium bicarbonate, what should be given in cases of ASA overdose?
Dextrose
Colistin is associated with what form of AKI?
ATN
What is the main symptom of balkan endemic nephropathy?
Gross hematuria
High or low urine pH can result in false positive protein detection?
Alkaline urine
Contrast location of skin lesions in acquired perforating dermatosis and porphyria cutanea tarda?
APD: Friction areas
PCT: Sun exposed areas
What is the pathophysiology and treatment of cystinosis?
Pathophysiology: lysosomal cystine accumulation (PTECs)
Treatment: PO + IO cysteamine
Contrast renal lesions seen in VHL and TSC?
VHL: clear cell carcinoma
TSC: angiomyolipomas
What is the drug used to treat angiomyolipomas > 3 cm?
mTori
Most renal cyst infections are cultured to be what organism?
E. coli
Best antihypertensive for breastfeeding patient?
Labetalol
Inheritance pattern and pathophysiology of Dent Disease?
X-linked recessive
Lysosomal CLCN5 defect
Inheritance pattern and pathophysiology of Pendred Syndrome?
Autosomal recessive
Pendrin issue (goiter, hearing loss)
What is the mechanism of kidney injury for the following drugs:
Synthetic cannabinoids?
Synthetic cathinones?
Cocaine?
Ketamine?
MDMA?
Synthetic cannabinoids: ATN
Synthetic cathinones: rhabdomyolysis
Cocaine: rhabdomyolysis
Ketamine: obstruction
MDMA: rhabdomyolysis
Propofol can cause benign ________ crystalluria?
uric acid
5-ASA mechanism of kidney injury?
Interstitial nephritis
Contrast appearance of urinary acyclovir crystals and sulfa crystals?
Acyclovir: needle shaped
Sulfa: fan shaped
Which drugs can be prophylactically used to prevent flares of:
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis?
Hypokalemia periodic paralysis: acetazolamide
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: HCTZ
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: propranolol
Inheritance patterns for the following conditions:
Fabry disease?
Dent disease?
Cystinosis?
Bartter syndrome?
Gitleman syndrome?
Gordon syndrome?
Liddle syndrome?
Pendred syndrome?
Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism?
Fabry = X linked
Dent = X lined recessive
Cystinosis = Autosomal recessive
Bartter = Autosomal recessive
Gitleman = Autosomal recessive
Gordon = Autosomal dominant
Liddle = Autosomal dominant
Pendred = Autosomal recessive
GRA = Autosomal dominant
ARPKD is associated with what biliary disorder?
Biliary duct dilation
Euglycemic DKA can be seen with what class of drugs?
SGLT2i
Which antihypertensive agent has uricosuric effects?
Losartan
What is the ideal vein diameter for AVF creation?
> 2.5 mm
How does the volume status differ in SIADH and CSW?
Euvolemic (SIADH) and hypovolemic (CSW)
What UOsm levels are seen in those with polyuria secondary to solute diuresis vs water diuresis?
UOsm > 600 mOsm/kg with solute diuresis
UOsm < 300 mOsm/kg with water diuresis (ie DI)
What is the pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome in long-standing dialysis patient?
B2 microglobulin accumulation
Colchicine toxicity is increased if one is also on what class of antibiotics?
Macrolides
What is the treatment for pheochromocytoma prior to surgery?
Phenoxybenzamine–> beta blocker–> high salt diet
Deficiency in FGF23 OR klotho can result in what condition?
Familial tumoral calcinosis
What type of PKD1 mutation results in highest ESKD risk?
Truncating mutation
Which antihypertensive is associated with cardiac tamponade?
Minoxidil
Carotid artery stenosis screen should occur in patients diagnosed with ________?
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Which conditions are more associated with proximal vs distal renal artery stenosis?
Proximal = atherosclerosis
Distal = fibromuscular dysplasia
Phenytoin can decrease serum levels of ____________?
25OH vitamin D
True or False: Estrogen can raise blood pressure?
True
What is the treatment for X linked hypophosphatemia?
Barosumab (FGF inhibitor)
What is the treatment for glucocorticoid remedial aldosteronism?
Corticosteroids + Spironolactone
What is the pathophysiology and treatment for Geller’s Syndrome?
3rd trimester hypertension due to progesterone mediated mineralocorticoid activation
Treated with delivery and avoidance of spironolactone
