Miscellaneous

Question 1

What causes an exudative pleural effusion?

Answer 1

Malignancy, TB

Question 2

What are the features of an exudative pleural effusion?

Answer 2

Cloudy/bloody
Protein > 30
LDH > 0.6 (lactate dehydrogenase)

Question 3

What causes a transudative pleural effusion?

Answer 3

FAILURES e.g.
cardiac 
renal
liver 
endocrine (hypothyroidism)
nutritional (hypoalbuminaemia)

Question 4

What are the features of a transudative pleural effusion?

Answer 4

Clear
Protein < 30
LDH < 0.6

Question 5

What causes panacinar emphysema?

Answer 5

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 6

Cannonball lung mets

Answer 6

Primary renal cell carcinoma

Question 7

Keratin pearls

Answer 7

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 8

Kulchitsky cells

Answer 8

Small cell lung cancer

Question 9

Psammoma bodies

Answer 9

Mesothelioma

Question 10

Steeple sign on CXR

Answer 10

Croup

Question 11

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Answer 11

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 12

Ground glass appearance on CXR of newborn

Answer 12

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 13

Samter’s triad

Answer 13

Asthma
Nasal polyps
Salicylate sensitivity (aspirin)
–> aspirin induced asthma

Question 14

Thumbprint sign on head xray

Answer 14

Epiglottitis

Question 15

Organism for whooping cough

Answer 15

Pertussis

Question 16

Air crescent sign

Answer 16

Invasive aspergillosis

Question 17

D-sign on CXR

Answer 17

Empyema