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OBGYN > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What is hCG secreted by, and how early can it be detected?

A

In blood = 8 days after conception Secreted by syncytiotrophoblast Maintains production of progesterone by corpus luteum

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2
Q

What is Meigs syndrome?

A

Benign ovarian tumour (usually fibroma) associated with ascites + pleural effusion

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3
Q

When does lochia persisting become abnormal?

A

6 weeks postpartum

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4
Q

Vasa previa presentation

A

Rupture of membranes then painless bleeding, bradycardia + late decels on CTG

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5
Q

When is transdermal HRT useful?

A

Bypasses hepatic system so less chance of clotting

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6
Q

What is the aim of antiretroviral treatment for HIV?

A

Keep CD4 >350 Keep viral load <50

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7
Q

Pt with high risk for gestational diabetes - what + when to investigate?

A

BM or OGTT as soon after booking visit as poss If normal, repeat at 24 - 28 weeks

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8
Q

Investigations for DIC

A

Elevated PT + APTT Low platelets

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9
Q

High risk factors for pre-eclampsia

A

Personal hx Diabetes HTN CKD Autoimmune eg SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome

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10
Q

Moderate risk factors for pre-eclampsia

A

BMI >35 Fam hx pre-e Age >40 First pregnancy Multiple pregnancy Pregnancy interval >10 years

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11
Q

Protective + risk factors for fibroids

A

Exercise, smoking + multiparity = protective

Fam hx, obesity, African, early menarche = risk factors

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12
Q

What is vulvodynia?

A

Sharp burning pain in vagina with no cause

Provoked by tampons + sex

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13
Q

When does uterus reach umbilicus during pregnancy?

A

20 weeks

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14
Q

What swabs can you do for PPROM?

A

If not sure about PPROM - swab vaginal fluid for insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 or placental alpha microglobulin 1

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15
Q

Management of PPROM under 34 + over 37 weeks

A

Under 34 weeks: delay delivery unless infection

Over 37 weeks: induce

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16
Q

What is anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Irregular + unpredictable uterine bleeding in first 2 years of menses

Due to inadequate gonadotrophin release + LH surge, leading to anovulation

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17
Q

What is the histology of the epithelium in the vagina, fallopian tubes, cervix, endometrium + ovary?

A

Cervix = stratified squamous

Ovary = cuboidal cells

Endometrium = pseudostratified columnar with tubular glands

Vagina = glycogen containing stratified squamous

Fallopian tubes = columnar ciliated

18
Q

What is a luteoma of pregnancy?

A

Benign solid ovarian tumour that develops during pregnancy

19
Q

What are the signs + investigation results of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in late onset women?

A

Hirsutism, multiple ovarian cysts

Due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Causes menstrual irregularity

Raised serum-17-hydroxyprogesterone

20
Q

How to make the diagnosis of uterine hyperstimulation syndrome?

A

One of the following:

>6 contractions in 10 mins

<60s between contractions

21
Q

Best anticonvulsant in pregnancy

A

Lamotrigine

22
Q

What is ovarian stromal hyperthecosis?

A

Hyperplasia of ovarian stroma + clusters of luteinising cells.

Increased androstenodione + testosterone = hirsutism + virilisation

Conversion of androstenodione to oestrogen = hyperoestrogenic state causing endometrial hyperplasia

23
Q

S+S of adrenal tumour

A

Symptoms of virilisation, HTN, hypokalaemia + easy bruising

24
Q

What are the investigation results for DIC?

A

Thrombocytopenia

Increased PT + APPT

Elevated D dimer

Schistocytes on blood smear

25
Q

What follow up care is given to babies born from HIV+ mums?

A

Antiretrovirals 4hrs after delivery + continuing for 4-6 weeks

Blood test within first 2 days, discharge, 6 weeks, 12 weeks + 18 months

26
Q

What is the classical sign of Jiroveci pneumonia?

A

Desaturations with exercise

27
Q

When are FBCs done during pregnancy?

A

At booking + at 28 weeks

28
Q

What is a chancroid?

A

Tropical STD - forming painful ulcers + lymphadenopathy

29
Q

What does Trichomonas look like?

A

Motile, flagellated protozoon

30
Q

Which cells produce testosterone + Anti-Mullarian hormone?

A

Testosterone = Leydig cells

Anti-mullerian = Sertoli cells

31
Q

What hormones are increased in pregnancy?

A

Oestriol

32
Q

Behcets disease - S+S + management

A

S+S: Inflammation of blood vessels, genital + mouth ulcers, red painful eyes, headaches, painful joints

Treat with steroids + immunosuppressants

33
Q

Prolactinoma, S+S + management

A

Prolactin producing tumour of pituitary gland

Galactorrhoea, amenorrhoea, low libido

Dopamine agonists eg Cabergoline

34
Q

VBAC chance of success + risk of rupture

A

Risk of rupture 0.5%

Chance of success = 75%

35
Q

Vasa praevia - when does the bleeding occur?

A

Usually after a SROM

36
Q

What is the management of placenta praevia

a) presenting in shock or >37 weeks
b) presenting <37 weeks with intermittent bleeding

A

A) LSCS + Xmatch for 4-6 units

B) Steroids + anti D, elective LSCS at 39 weeks

37
Q

What is the management of placental abruption if

a) CTG normal + >37 weeks
b) CTG normal + <37 weeks

A

a) amniotomy induction
b) conservative, discharge as high risk

38
Q

When to give VTE prophylaxis (how many points for what type)?

A

4 points: LMWH from 1st trimester until 6w PP

3 points: LMWH from 28w until 6w PP

2 during pregnancy: mobilise + hydrate

2 points PP: 10 days LMWH

39
Q

Syphilis treatment

A

Penicillin G

40
Q

When do you do test of cure for gonorrhoea?

A

NAAT after 2 weeks

Blood cultures after 72 hrs

41
Q

What scores 4 points on VTE prophylaxis?

A

Previous unprovoked VTE

OHSS

42
Q

What scores 3 points on VTE prophylaxis?

A

Previous provoked VTE

Known high risk thrombophilia

Medical co-morbidities: cancer, HF, SLE etc

Hyperemesis

Surgery in pregnancy

OBGYN (18 decks)

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