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APEX > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

BMI calc

A

Weight (kg) / height (m^2)

*2.54 cm/inch remember

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2
Q

Ideal body weight

A

Men: height (cm) - 100
Women: height (cm) - 105

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3
Q

CO change?

A

CO ↑ 100mL/min for every extra kg of fat

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4
Q

Lean body weight

A

IBW x 1.3

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5
Q

Sux intubation dose for obesity

A

Should actually be based on TBW -

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6
Q

Epidural dose in obese

A

75% normal

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7
Q

OSA definition

A

Cessation of airflow for at least 10 seconds with 5 or more unsuccessful attempts to breathe and greater 4% reduction in Sa02

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8
Q

Reynolds number

A

Determines laminar, turbulent, and transitional flow

Density x diameter x velocity / viscosity

<2000=laminar: terminal bronchioles, blood flow in systemic circulation

> 4000=turbulent: flow thru orifice (glottis, annular space), flow at angles (medium sized bronchi)

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9
Q

Yearly max rem exposure

A

5rem, 0.5rem if pregnant

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10
Q

Distance and radiation exposure

A

Amount of radiation exposure is inversely proportional to the square of the distance

Intensity = 1/distance ^2

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11
Q

Converting F/C temperature

A 
Celsius = (F-32) x (5/9)
F = (C x 1.8) + 32
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12
Q

Avogadro number

A

1 mole of any gas has 6.023 x 10^23 atoms

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13
Q

ATM pressure in all units

A 
760 mmHg = 760 torr = 
1 atm = 1 bar = 
100kPa = 
1033cm H20 = 
14.7lb/inch ^2

1mmHg = 1.36cm H20
1cm H20 = 0.74mmHg

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14
Q

Doubling radius of tube ↑ flow by factor of what?

A

16

Tripling = ↑ by factor of 81

Quadrupling = ↑ by factor of 256

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15
Q

Ohm’s law

A

Flow = pressure gradient / resistance

Or

CO = (MAP - CVP)/SVR

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16
Q

Variables in poiseuille’s law

A

Blood flow =

Pi x Radius^4 x AV pressure gradient / 8 x viscosity x tube length

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17
Q

Methods of heat loss from most to least

A

Radiation > convection > evaporation > conduction

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18
Q

Drugs used to treat post op shivering

A

Meperidine, dexmedetomidine, clonidine

19
Q

Sequence of steps if airway fire is present

A
  1. Stop ventilation and remove ETT
  2. Stop flow of all airway gases
  3. Remove other flammable material from airway
  4. Pour water or saline into airway
  5. If fire not out, use C02 extinguisher
20
Q

Steps after fire is controlled

A
  1. Re establish BVM, avoid 02 or N20
  2. Check ETT for damage, fragments may remain in airway
  3. Perform bronchoscopy to inspect for airway injury or retained fragments
21
Q

3 other → of drug induced hyperthermia besides MH?

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome, anticholinergic syndrome

22
Q

Differences between NMS and MH

A

NMS is not genetic, does not develop acutely, is associated with psychiatric meds.

Both MH and NMS cause muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, tachycardia, acidosis, and both are treated with Dantrolene.

23
Q

Cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A
  • dopamine depletion in basal ganglia and hypothalamus

- metoclopramide, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, risperidone

24
Q

Cause(s) of serotonin syndrome

A

Excess 5-HT activity in CNS and PNS

SSRIs, meperidine, ecstasy, selegline

SSRI + meperidine or fentanyl

MAOI + meperidine or ephedrine

25
Q

Treatment for serotonin syndrome

A

Cryproheptadine (5-HT2A antagonist)

Supportive care

26
Q

What is unique about the optic nerve?

A

Only cranial nerve that is part of CNS (enveloped by meningeal sheath and bathed in CSF)

Because of this path LA injected into optic sheath is permitted direct entry to brain (relevant with retrobulbar block)

27
Q

Ionizing radiation exposure

A

Inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source.

28
Q

Gastrin

A

Stimulates pepsinogen secretion.

29
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Stimulates gallbladder contraction

30
Q

Secretin

A

Stimulates bile flow

31
Q

Motility

A

Stimulates upper GI motility

32
Q

Macro shocks

A

10-20 mA = ouch yikes
50mA = LOC
100mA = vfib

33
Q

4 Things that MUST be proven in a malpractice lawsuit

A

Duty
Breach of duty
Causation
Damages

34
Q

Parkland burn formula

A

4mL LR x % TBSA x kg

1/2 first 8 hrs, 1/2 second 16 hrs)

35
Q

HIV exposure seroconversion rates

A

Percutaneous (needle stick) 0.3%

Mucous membrane 0.09%

36
Q

Factors included in Aldrete score

A 
Activity
Respiration
Circulation
Neuro status
02 sats
37
Q

Order of heat loss (greatest —least)

A

Radiation 1
Convection 2
Evaporation 3
Conduction 4

38
Q

Celiac plexus block

A

Covers upper ABD organs: distal esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, colon

39
Q

Superior hypogastric block

A

Covers pelvic organs : uterus, ovaries, prostate, descending colon

40
Q

Most common cause of death with liposuction

A

PE

41
Q

What does % solution translate to

A

2% solution contains 20mg/mL

42
Q

Epi concentrations for

1: 10,000
1: 100,000
1: 200,00

A

1: 1000=1mg/mL =1000mcg/mL
1: 10,000=100mcg/mL = 0.1mg/mL
1: 100,000=10mcg/mL
1: 200,000=5mcg/mL
1: 400,000=2.5mcg/mL
1: 1,000,000=1mcg/mL

43
Q

Common effects of chemotherapeutics

A

Cisplastin (alkylating agent): acoustic n injury, nephrotoxic

Vincristine (tubulin binding agent): peripheral neuropathy

Bleomycin : pulmonary fibrosis, keep Fi02 <30

Doxorubicin: cardiotoxic

5-Fluorouracil: bone marrow suppression
Methotrexate: bone marrow suppression

APEX (11 decks)

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