miscellaneous

Question 1

alcohol and benzodiazephines and memory

Answer 1

partial NMDA antagonists
- prevents LTP induction

makes us not as alert

benzo (kill anxiety)

remember events from being on them when you are taking the drug

Question 2

dissociatives and memory

Answer 2

ketamine

NMDA receptor antagonists
- prevents LTP induction

Question 3

cannabis and memory

Answer 3

CB1 receptor agonist is the cause of memory impairment
- concentrated in hippocampus, hyppthalamus and cortex

decreases frontal lobe EEG theta

transiently impairs attention and working memory capacity - if we can not hold as much in our working memory, we will not be able to consolidate

CBs shut does neurotransmission causing us to forget things

Question 4

Stimulants and memory

Answer 4

improve memory

dopamine agonists - cocaine, amphetamines

cholinergic agonists - nicotine

Question 5

nootropics and memory

Answer 5

improve memory

works on cholinergic systems

piracetam (an other “racetams”)

taken with aceyl CoA

positive allostertic modulators of AMPA receptors - chemicals activate longer in the presence of glutamate

mildly enhances working memory, attention, and general cognition (problem solving, etc.)

Question 6

epinephrine

Answer 6

hormones

an inverted U reflects the relationship between arousal and performance in all aspects of learning and memory
- yerkes-dodson LAW

both central and peripheral, tracks general vigilance and underlies the time-dependent effects on the yerkes-dodson law

optimal epinephrine administration for memory consolidation is ~1 minute after a learning task

Question 7

cortisol

Answer 7

hormone

abnormally low or high levels of glucocorticoids decreases the size of the dentate gyrus

hippocampal neurogenesis rate responds to cortisol levels
- stress inhibits neurogenesis

acute stress and release of cortisol improves the consolidation of memory

chronic stress and high levels of cortisol impair memory - anxiety is terrible for memory
- hippocampal atrophy - can regain it

Question 8

Covid 19 and memory

Answer 8

little data

many people have reports memory impairments after covid 19 infection

early analyses have observed a relationship between: infection, metabolic/brain structural changes (microclots and cell death) - losing, memory impairment (verbal, visuospatial, attention

moderated by several variables
- age, sex, recovery time , vaccine status (not independent of vaccine status), severity, psychosocial factors implicated in recovery, etc.