miscellaneous

Question 1

interactions

Answer 1

B lines are far apart= main effect B
average of lines not horizontal= main effect of A
lines parallel= no interaction
ordinal= no crisis cross
disordinal= criss cross
same averages mask the main effect, antagonistic

Question 2

factorial designs

Answer 2

2 or more independent variables, AND each variable has 2 or more levels

Question 3

within subject

Answer 3

all subjects go through all conditions; requires the least number of subjects

Question 4

between subject

Answer 4

specific subjects go through only one treatment condition, requires the most number of subjects

Question 5

mixed (split-plot)

Answer 5

any given subject receives only two or three of six treatment conditions, depending on which factor on which factor is within and which factor is between, requires a moderate number of subjects

Question 6

nested

Answer 6

levels of factor A found under different levels of a factor B are not the same, more econo,ical, but some interactions cannot be evaluated

Question 7

inductive

Answer 7

theory building

Question 8

deductive

Answer 8

theory testing

Question 9

experimental design: goal, variables, issues

Answer 9

goal: causal relationships

variables:
independent: manipulated by experimenter
dependent: measured by te experimenter

issues:
internal validity: confounded variables
external validity: generalizability, ecological validity

Question 10

correlational design: goal, variables, issues

Answer 10

goal: correlational relationships

variables:
predictor variables: used to make a prediction
criterion variables: predicted variables

issues:
directionality problem: A–>B, B–>A, or A<–>B
third variable problem: not AxB, but AxC

Question 11

mediator variable

Answer 11

independent variable: action
mediator variable: consequence of independent variable
dependent variable: consequence of mediator variable

Question 12

moderator variables

Answer 12

situational/contextual factors: when _____ is _____
individual/instance-specific factors: if ______

Question 13

main effects

Answer 13

2 way: A, B
3 way: A, B, C
4 way: A, B, C, D

Question 13

two way interactions

Answer 13

2 way: AxB
3 way: AxB, BxC, AxC
4 way: AxB, BxC, CxD, AxC, AxD, BxD

Question 14

three way interactions

Answer 14

3 way: AxBxC
4 way: AxBxC, BxCxD, AxBxD, AxCxD

Question 15

four way interactions

Answer 15

AxBxCxD

Question 16

prospective ex-post factor designs

Answer 16

cause–> effect

Question 17

retrospective ex-post factor designs

Answer 17

effect–> cause

Question 18

counterbalancing

Answer 18

same result for both variables when placed first means no effect of treatment
different results for both variables when placed first means an effect of treatment

Question 19

time-series design: basic time series with intervention goal

Answer 19

compare before and after treatment, either by cell or collapsing

Question 20

time series design: interrupted time series design

Answer 20

similar idea to basic with intervention goal, but with naturally occurring events

Question 21

pretest post-test design

Answer 21

pretest/post-test is the within factor, treatment/ no treatment is the between factor

group 1 (experimental): pre-test, treatment, post-test
group 2 (control): pre-test, post-test

Question 22

soloman four group design

Answer 22

group 1: pre-test, treatment, post-test
group 2: pre-test, post-test
group 3: treatment, post-test
group 4: post-test

Question 23

variations

Answer 23

no treatment (A) - treatment (B) - no treatment (A)
or
give the treatment early, then cancel it to see the effects: treatment (B) - no treatment (A)
or
baseline. on __ (naturally occurring) or treatment (experimental induction) is introduced. observations or measures after that point are influenced: no treatment (A) - treatment (B)