Miscellaneous Flashcards
What’s the term for the presence of gallstones?
Cholelithiasis
What’s the term for the inflammation of the lips?
Cheilitis
What’s the term for double vision?
Diplopia
What’s the term for difficulty in swallowing?
Dysphagia
What’s the term for flowing out?
Effluent
What’s the term for belching?
Eructation
What’s the term for redness of the skin?
Erythema
Term for expectoration of blood?
Hemoptysis
What’s the term for congenital deficiency of hair?
Hypotrichosis
Term for unknown cause?
Idiopathic
Term for inflammation of the cornea?
Keratitis
Term for inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva?
Keratoconjunctivitis
Term for pupil constriction?
Miosis
Term for pupil dilation?
Mydriasis
Term for fixation of the eyeballs in an upward position?
Oculogyric crisis
Term for paralysis of the eye muscle?
Ophthalmoplegia
Term for cell associated with production of bone?
Osteoblast
Term for cell associated with bone resorption?
Osteoclast
Term for pinpoint hemorrhagic spots in the skin or mucous membranes?
Petechiae
Term for inflammation of a vein?
Phlebitis
Term for prolonged, painful, inappropriate erection?
Priapism
Term for itching?
Pruritus
What’s the term for loss of a substance through physiologic or pathological means?
Resorption
Term for disintegration or dissolution of muscle tissue?
Rhabdomyolysis
What’s the term for a contracted state of the cervical muscles producing twisting of the neck?
Torticollis
What’s the term for difficulty in opening mouth?
Trismus “lockjaw”
What’s the term for dryness of the conjunctiva?
Xerophthalmia
What’s the term for dryness of the mouth?
Xerostomia
What’s the trade for adapalene?
Differin
Therapeutic category for Differin?
Topical Acne Agent
How often should Differin gel, lotion or cream be applied?
Once daily
What does Differin do?
Reduces comedo formation, the initial lesion in acne
What’s the indication for Duac?
Acne
Dosing interval for Duac?
Once daily
Should Duac be refrigerated?
Yes Duac should be refrigerated but maybe be stored at room temp for up to 60 days
Trade for two anticoagulants indicated for thromboembolic disorders?
Coumadin-warfarin sodium
Pradaxa-dabigatran
What does Coumadin interfere with?
vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X
What can cause loss of anticoagulant effect?
vitamin K intake from dietary sources or multiple vitamins are increased during therapy
What monitors warfarin therapy?
international normalized ratio (INR)
What’s the normal INF for patients not taking warfarin?
1
What’s the INR for patients taking warfarin?
Between 2 and 3
If the INF is greater than 3, the warfarin dose may need to be raised or lowered?
Lowered
If the INF is less than 2, the warfarin dose may need to be increased or decreased?
Increased
Trade for Vitamin K?
Mephyton
Generic for vitamin K?
phytonadione
How often should Pradaxa be administered?
Twice daily
What is Pradaxa?
A direct thrombin inhibitor
Name an enzyme necessary for clot formation.
Thrombin
Generic for Coumadin?
warfarin sodium
Therapeutic category for Coumadin?
Anticoagulant
What is Coumadin indicated for?
Thromboembolic disorders
How often should Coumadin be given?
Once daily
What strengths does Warfarin come in?
1 mg, 2 mg, 2.5 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg
What do HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors prevent?
The conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a cholesterol precursor
Side effect of the statins?
Rhabdomyolysis
When should HMG-CoS Reductase inhibitors be given?
In the evening or mainly at night
How often should HMG-CoA Redutase Inhibtiors be given?
Once daily exception Lescol (twice daily)
Trade for atorvastatin?
Lipitor
Trade for rosuvastatin?
Crestor
Trade for simvastatin?
Zocor
Trade for pravastatin?
Pravachol
Trade for pitavastatin?
Livalo
Trade for fluvastatin?
Lescol
Trade for colesevelam?
Welchol
Trade for colestipol?
Colestid
Trade for cholestyramine?
Questran, Prevalite
Therapeutic category for Welchol?
Antihyperlipidemic
What strength does Welchol tablet come in?
625 mg
What strength does the Welchol powder for oral suspension come in?
1.875 grams, 3.75 grams
What is the daily dose of Welchol?
3.75 grams
How can Welchol be administered?
Welchol tablets come as 625 mg; therefore, the tablets are administered as a single daily dose of 6 tablets or three tablets twice daily
How often should Welchol 1.875 gram powder be administered?
Twice daily
Welchol 3.75 gram powder should be administered how often?
Once daily
What is the trade for ezetimibe?
Zetia
TC for Zetia?
Antihhyperlipidemic
Which drug inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small intestine?
Zetia
Trade for omega 3 fatty acids?
Lovaza
What dosage form does Lovaza come in?
1000 mg capsule
What’s the daily dose of Lovaza?
4 grams-May be administered as a single dose (4 capsules) or two capsules twice daily
Trade for ezetimibe and simvastatin?
Vytorin
TC for Vytorin?
Antihyperlipidemic
Trade names for fenofibrate?
Tricor, Triglide, Lofibra
Trade for gemfibrozil?
Lopid
Trade for fenofibric acid?
Trilipix
How often should Lopid be administered?
Twice daily
Trade for sumatriptan?
Imitrex
TC for Imitrex?
Anti migraine Agent
Max daily dose of Imitrex?
200 mg comes in 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
Strengths of Imitrex?
Injection (4 mg/0.5 mL, 6 mg/0.5 mL)
Trade for eletriptan?
Relpax
Trade for rizatriptan?
Maxalt, Maxalt MLT
Type of agents are Relpax and Maxalt?
Anti migraine agent
Max daily dose of Relpax?
80 mg comes in 20 mg and 40 mg
Trade for almotriptan?
Axert
Trade for zolmitriptan?
Zomig
Trade for naratriptan?
Amerge
Trade for frovatriptan?
Frova
Max daily dose of Maxalt?
30 mg
Strengths does Maxalt come in?
5 mg, 10 mg
Strengths does Maxalt MLT come in?
5 mg, 10 mg orally disintegrating tablet
What disease is characterized by deterioration of bone tissue with an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures?
Osteoporosis
Men up to age 70 and women up to age 50 should get how much calcium daily?
1000 mg of calcium daily
Women over 50 and men over 70 should ingest how much calcium?
1200 mg of calcium
Recommended daily dose of vitamin D for adults under age 70?
600 IU
Vitamin D dose for patients over 70?
800 IU
Trade for risedronate?
Actonel
TC for Actonel?
Bisphosphonate
Dosage forms does Actonel come in?
35 mg, 150 mg
How often should Actonel 150 mg tablet be taken?
Once monthly
How often should Actonel 35 mg tablet be taken?
Once weekly
What’s a side effect of biphosphonates?
Esophageal ulceration
Special instructions with biphosphonates?
Take with a full glass of water and remain upright for 30 minutes after taking a dose
Trade for ibandronate?
Boniva
Dosing interval for Boniva?
Once monthly
Trade for alendronate?
Fosamax
Dosage form for Fosamax?
70 mg
Dosing interval for Fosamax?
Once weekly
What strength does Fosamax?
70 mg tablet
Difference between Fosamax and Fosamax Plus D?
Fosamax Plus D contains cholecalciferol
70 mg alendronate + 70 mcg cholecalciferol=2800 units of Vitamin D
70 mg alendronate + 140 mcg cholecalciferol=5600 units of Vitamin D
Trade for calcitonin-salmon?
Miacalcin, Fortical
TC for Miacalcin, Fortical?
Bone Resorption Inhibitor
What’s the dosages form for Miacalcin or Fortical?
Nasal spray
Can be Miacalcin or Fortical be substituted?
Not “A” rated and can’t be substituted for one another
What’s the dosing interval for Miacalcin or Fortical?
Administered one spray intranasal lay once daily: only one nostril
Trade for teriparatide?
Forteo
What class is teriparatide?
Parathyroid hormone analog
What does PTH hormone stimulate?
Osteoblast function which increases bone formation
How is Forteo available and how often is it administered?
Available subcutaneous and administered once daily
Should Forteo be refrigerated?
Yes all the time Forteo should be refrigerated
What’s the mechanism of action for PPIs?
Block the final step of gastric acid production by inhibiting the acid proton pump in the gastric mucosa
What are PPIs indicated for?
Duodenal ulcers, GERD, gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
How often should PPIs be administered?
Once daily
Trade for lansoprazole?
Prevacid
Trade for esomeprazole?
Nexium
Trade for pantoprazole?
Protonix
Trade for rabeprazole?
Aciphex
Trade for omeprazole?
Prilosec
Trade for dexlansoprazole?
Dexilant
Which PPIs are available as delayed-release tablets?
Aciphex
Protonix
Which PPIs are available as delayed-release capsules?
Prevacid
Prilosec
Nexium
Dexilant
What strength is the Prilosec OTC?
20 mg delayed-release tablet
What strengths does the Prilosec delayed-release capsule come in?
10 mg
20 mg
40 mg
What’s the release mechanism for Dexilant?
The initial release is followed by a second messenger release 4 hours later to prolong the acid-suppressant effect
What strengths does Prevacid SoluTab come in?
15 mg, 30 mg orally disintegrating tablet
Which strength of Prevacid is OTC?
15 mg delayed release capsule
What strengths does Prevacid come in?
15 mg, 30 mg
Trade for omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate?
Zegerid, Zegerid-OTC
Instructions for Zegerid powder?
Mix with 30 mL of water before administration
Which are histamine H-2 receptor antagonists?
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine
Trade for ranitidine?
Zantac
What’s the TC for Zantac?
Histamine H-2 receptor antagonist
What strengths does Zantac come in?
75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg
What strengths does Zantac come in?
75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg
Which strengths of Zantac are available OTC?
75 mg, 150 mg
What strength is Zantac syrup?
15 mg per mL
Trade for solifenacin?
Vesicare
TC for Vesicare?
Anticholinergic
How often should Vesicare be given?
Once daily
How often should Enablex be given?
Once daily
TC for Enablex?
Once daily
TC for Enablex?
Anticholinergic
What strengths does Viagra come in?
25 mg
50 mg
100 mg
Dosing interval for Viagra?
Once daily
How should Viagra be administered?
Administered on an empty stomach one hour before sexual activity
If an erection persists longer than 4 hours, what should happen?
Seek medical assistance to prevent penile tissue damage and permanent loss of potency
Trade for vardenafil?
Levitra-give once daily
Dosage forms for Levitra?
2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg-administer on empty stomach
How should Levitra be given?
On an empty stomach
Trade for tadalafil?
Cialis
Indications for Cialis?
Impotence, symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Dosage forms of Cialis?
2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
Trade for brimonidine?
Alphagan-P
Dosing interval for Alphagan-P?
Three times daily
TC for Alphagan-P?
Antiglaucomal
Dosing interval?
Three times daily
Mechanism of action of Alphagan-P?
Reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing formation of aqueous humor and increasing aqueous humor outflow
Dosing interval for Lotemax, Alrex?
Four times daily
Generic for Alrex?
loteprednol
What is Lotemax indicated for?
Ocular inflammatory conditions
How often should Lotemax be given?
Qid
Trade for timolol and brimonidine?
Combigan
How often should Combigan be given?
Twice daily
TC for Combigan?
Antiglaucomal
Mechanism of action of timolol?
Beta adrenergic blocking agent that reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing formation of aqueous humor
Dosing interval for Combigan?
Twice daily
Dosing interval for Xalatan?
Once daily
What is Xalatan indicated for?
Glaucoma
TC for Xalatan?
Antiglaucomal Agent
Dosing Interval for Latisse?
Once daily
Indication for Latisse?
Hypotrichosis of the eyelashes
How should Latisse be applied?
One drop on sterile applicator and apply along the upper eyelid margin at the bad of the eyelashes
Dosing interval for Lumigan?
Once daily
Indication for Lumigan?
Glaucoma
TC for Lumigan?
Antiglaucomal or Ophthalmic prostaglandin
Mechanism of action for Lumigan?
Reduce intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor outflow
Side effect of Lumigan?
Increases brown pigment in iris
Dosing interval for Cosopt?
Twice daily
Generic for Cosopt?
dorzolamide, timolol
TC for Cosopt?
Antiglaucomal (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor, Beta-Blocking Agent)
How long can Xalatan be stored at room temp?
6 weeks
Trade for travoprost?
Travatan-Z
Dosing interval for Travatan-Z?
Once daily
TC for Travatan-Z?
Antiglaucomal (Ophthalmic prostaglandin)
Dosing interval for Pataday?
Once daily-comes in 0.2% ophthalmic solution
Dosing interval for Patanol?
Twice daily-0.1% ophthalmic solution
Generic for Patanol? Pataday?
olopatadine
Indication for Patanol, Pataday?
allergic conjunctivitis
TC for Pataday? Patanol?
Ophthalmic Antihistamine
Trade for cyclosporine?
Restasis
Indication for Restasis?
Dry eyes or xerophthalmia
How often should Restasis be applied?
Twice daily
Trade for tobramycin, dexamethasone?
Tobradex
TC for Aricept?
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Dosage forms for Aricept?
5 mg
10 mg
23 mg
Dosing interval for Aricept?
Once daily
Indication for Aricept?
Alzheimer’s disease
Aricept mechanism of action?
Increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain
Trade for rivastigmine?
Exelon
Trade for galantamine?
Razadyne
Patients taking Aricept 10 mg for three months are eligible for?
Dose escalation to Aricept 23 mg strength
Indication for Proscar?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
TC for Proscar?
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor
Dosing interval for Proscar?
Once daily
What is dihydrotesterone responsible for?
Alopecia, prostrate enlargement
Trade for finasteride?
Propecia
What is Propecia indicated for?
alopecia and administered once daily
How long must Propecia be administered before effect is observed?
3 months
Withdrawal of treatment leads to reversal of effect of Propecia within what time period?
12 months
TC for Namenda?
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Indication for Namenda?
Alzheimer’s disease
Dosing interval for Namenda?
Twice daily
Dosing interval for Namenda XR?
Once daily
Strengths of Namenda?
5 mg, 10 mg tablet
Comes in an ER capsule- 7 mg, 14 mg, 21 mg, 28 mg
Dosing interval for Namenda XR?
Once daily
Trade for dutasteride?
Avodart
TC for Avodart?
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor
Trade for metaxalone?
Skelaxin
TC for Skelaxin?
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant
Trade for tizanidine?
Zanaflex
Trade for cyclobenzaprine?
Flexeril
Trade for carisoprodol?
Soma
What’s the initial dose of Namenda?
7 mg once daily; increase in weekly 7 mg increments to recommended daily dose of 28 mg once daily
Trade for mesalamine?
Delzicol
TC for Delzicol?
Bowel Disease Suppressant
Indication for Delzicol?
Ulcerative colitis
Dosing interval for Delzicol?
Three times daily
Trade for mesalamine?
Delzicol
TC for Delzicol?
Bowel Disease Suppressant
Dosage form for Delzicol?
400 mg delayed-release capsule
Indication for Delzicol?
Ulcerative colitis
Trade for mesalamine rectal suppository?
Canasa
Trade for mesalamine rectal suspension?
Rowasa
Trade for extended-release mesalamine capsule?
Pentasa
Trade for 1.2 gram mesalamine tablet?
Lialda
Dosing interval for Lialda?
Once daily
Dosing interval for Asacol HD?
Three times daily
Trade for the 800 mg delayed-release mesalamine tablet?
Asacol HD
Trade for 400 mg delayed-release capsule?
Delzicol
Trade for pimecrolimus?
Elidel
Dosing interval for Elidel?
Twice daily
Indication for Elidel?
Atopic dermatitis
TC for Elidel?
Topical Immunosuppressant Agent
Trade for pimecrolimus cream?
Elidel
Trade for lidocaine?
Lidoderm
Dosing interval for Lidoderm?
Once daily
Indication for Lidoderm?
Pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia
Indication for Elidel?
Atopic dermatitis
How soon should Lidoderm be applied?
Applied 12 hours then removed for 12 hours
Dosing interval for Miralax, Glycolax?
Once daily
Indication for Glycolax, Miralax?
Constipation
Dosing interval for Glycolax, Miralax?
Once daily
Prescription trade of polyethylene glycol?
GlycoLax
OTC for polyethylene glycol?
MiraLax
Dosing interval for MiraLax, GlycoLax?
Once daily
TC for MiraLax, GlycoLax?
Osmotic laxative
Dose for MiraLax, GlycoLax?
17 grams of powder in 8 ounces of water
How long does it typically take to see a bowel movement from Miralax, GlycoLax?
Two days
Trade for anastrozole?
Arimidex
TC for Arimidex?
Antineoplastic (Aromatase Inhibitor)
What is Arimidex indicated for?
Treatment of breast cancer
Side effect of Arimidex?
Increased risk of fractures due to a reduction in bone mineral density (decreased estrogen levels)
TC for Arimidex?
Antineoplastic or Aromatase Inhibitor
Trade for varenicline?
Chantix
TC for Chantix?
Smoking Cessation Agent
Dosage form for Chantix?
0.5 mg, 1 mg tablet
Maintenance dosing interval for Chantix?
1 mg twice daily
Dosing schedule for Chantix
Days 1 through 3: 0.5 mg daily
Days 4 through 7: 0.5 mg twice daily
Days 8 through end of Tx: 1 mg twice daily
Trade for lubiprostone?
Amitiza
Indication for Amitiza?
Chronic constipation, constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Dosage form for Amitiza?
8 mcg, 24 mcg capsule
Dosing interval for Amitiza?
Twice daily
What’s the indication for Amitiza 8 mcg capsules?
Treatment of constipation-predominant IBS
What’s the indication for Amitiza 24 mcg capsules?
Chronic constipation
Indication for TriLyte, MoviPrep, Colyte?
Bowel cleansing prior to gastrointestinal examination
TC for TriLyte, HalfLytely, MoviPrep?
Osmotic Laxative-Bowel Evacuant
Following reconstitution of MoviPrep, how much should a patient drink?
8 ounces of solution every 10 minutes until 4 liters are consumed or rectal effluent is clear.
Trade for letrozole?
Femara
Indication for Femara?
Treatment of breast cancer
TC for Femara?
Antineoplastic
Trade for mycophenolate?
CellCept
TC for CellCept?
Immunosuppressant Agent
Indication for CellCept?
Prophylaxis of organ rejection-used concomitantly with cyclosporine and corticosteroids
Dosing interval for CellCept?
Twice daily
Immunosuppressant indicated for organ rejection?
cyclosporine
TC for Transderm Scop?
Anticholinergic Agent
Trade for scopolamine?
Transderm Scop
Indication for Tranderm Scop?
Prevention of nausea and vomiting
Dosing interval for Transderm Scop?
Every 3 days
How soon should Transderm Scop be applied?
Four hours before the antiemetic effect is needed
Indications for metoclopramide?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Overdose of metoclopramide?
EPS effects be careful to administer less than one dose
Trade for allopurinol?
Zyloprim
TC for Zyloprim?
Antihyperuricemic
What causes gout?
Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood and deposition of urate crystals around the joints; painful inflammation of joints in hands and/or feet
Trade for febuxostat?
Uloric
Dosing interval for Uloric?
Once daily
Dosing interval for clonidine tablet?
Once daily (0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.3 mg)
TC for clonidine?
Antihypertensive
Side effect of clonidine?
Quit abruptly and cause rebound hypertension
