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Laboratory 2 > MISC Qualitative Tests - Malaria > Flashcards

MISC Qualitative Tests - Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of malaria?

A

A parasitic infection caused by the introduction of the protozoan organism into the blood by the bite of a female anopheles mosquito

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2
Q

What is the scientific terminology for malaria parasite?

A

Plasmodium

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3
Q

What is injected into humans when bitten by a female mosquito?

A

Sporozoites

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4
Q

Where do sporozoites develop?

A

In the liver

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5
Q

What are the two development cycles of sporozoites in the liver?

A
  • Pre-erythrocytic cycle

- Exoerythrocytic cycle

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6
Q

What female mosquito transfers malaria?

A

Anopheles mosquito

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7
Q

What is the life cycle of Plasmodium?

A

1) Female mosquito bites human
2) Sporozoites from bite enter parenchymal cells of liver to become schizonts
3) Schizonts rupture, releasing merozoites
4) Merozoites burst out of liver to invade RBC’s

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8
Q

What do Merozoites develop to form?

A

Immature (ring stage) trophozoites

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9
Q

What do merozoites/trophozoites feed on?

A

Hemoglobin inside RBC’s

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10
Q

What is the residue from feed on HGB called and what is it made out of?

A
  • Malaria pigment

- Composed of hematin and protein

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11
Q

Where can all stages of asexual cycle be demonstrated?

A

In a peripheral blood smear

- With the exception of P. falciparum

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12
Q

What are the four types of malaria found in humans?

A
  • Plasmodium Falciparum
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Malariae
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13
Q

Overview of P. Falciparum

A
  • Erythrocytic cycle (Benign Tertian): fever ever 48hrs/ every 2nd day
  • Most danger
  • Likely to cause intravascular hemolysis
  • Fever is prolonged and intensified
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14
Q

Overview of P. Vivax

A
  • Erythrocytic cycle (Benign Tertian): fever ever 48hrs/ every 2nd day
  • Most common
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15
Q

Overview of P. Ovale

A
  • Erythrocytic cycle (Benign Tertian): fever ever 48hrs/ every 2nd day
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16
Q

Overview of P. Malariae

A
  • Erythrocytic cycle (Benign Quartan): fever ever 72hrs/ every 3nd day
17
Q

How long can you store a venous blood sample when testing for malaria (non-refrigerated)?

A
  • Up to 3 days at 2 degrees Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius
18
Q

What do you do with a blood sample for malaria testing if the sample has been refrigerated?

A

Allow it to reach room temperature (15-30 degrees Celsius) prior to performing test

19
Q

What are the materials for a rapid malaria test kit?

A
  • Rapid malaria test kit cardboard containing test strip
  • Reagent A
  • Capillary Tubes
  • Lancets
  • Optional venipuncture kit/lavender tube
20
Q

What type of buffer is the Reagent A in malaria test kit?

A

Tris buffer containing detergent and sodium azide

21
Q

How many microliters of blood is collected for malaria test?

A

15 microliters

22
Q

What is a positive T1 for malaria?

A

Positive for P. Falciparum

23
Q

What is a positive T2 for malaria?

A

Positive for P. vivax, malariae, or ovule

24
Q

What is a positive T1 and T2 for malaria?

A

Positive for P. Falciparum and other types of malaria in a mixed infection

25
Q

What are some limitations of rapid malaria kit limitations?

A
  • Sample must be obtained when Pt is febrile
  • Will only detect antigens
  • Must be confirmed with a thick and thin smear for confirmation, sent to NEPMU
  • Cannot be used to monitor treatment progress
26
Q

What are conditions that can illicit false positives in rapid malaria?

A
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Chronic viral infections (HEP C)
  • Pt with other blood parasite (babesia)
27
Q

What are some points to consider for rapid malaria tests?

A
  • Collect specimen immediately after onset of fever spike for best result
  • Send unstained smears to NEPMU
  • Smears should be done frequently but no more than hourly

Laboratory 2 (4 decks)

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