misc important

Question 1

romberg test

Answer 1

pt stands feet together arms by side, push them to check balance (tests cerebellar ataxia)

Question 2

acute cholecystitis investigation

Answer 2

ultrasound

Question 3

gas transfer and transfer coefficients in asthma

Answer 3

both raised

Question 4

Thomas test use

Answer 4

• hip flexion, tests rectus femoris, iliopsoas, pectineus, gracilis and tensor fascia latae and sartorius

Question 5

trendelenburg test function

Answer 5

assess hip abduction. Tests gluteus medius and minimus. Weakness could be due to superior gluteal nerve damage or 5th lumbar spinal lesion.

Positive sign (pathological): The pelvis of the unsupported side sags due to a failure of the abductor muscles to stabilise the hip onto the weight-bearing femur.

Question 6

wolf-parkinson-white ECG changes

Answer 6

short PR interval

Delta wave

Question 7

Pre-hepatic jaundice

• urine and stools
• conjugated/unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 7

• normal urine and stool

- unconjugated bilirubin

Question 8

Hepatic jaundice

• urine and stools
• conjugated/unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 8

• dark urine and normal stools

- conjugated and unconjugated

Question 9

Post-hepatic jaundice

• urine and stools
• conjugated/unconjugated bilirubin
• other features

Answer 9

• dark urine and pale stools
• conjugated bilirubin
• pruritus (itchiness)

Question 10

Buergers test use

Answer 10

peripheral vascular exam, assesses arterial insufficiency/claudication
- leg raised at angle, if insufficiency it will turn pale

Question 11

syphilis management

Answer 11

single injection benzathine penicillin

Question 12

meningitis prophylaxis

Answer 12

ciprofloxacin

Question 13

nerve roots for carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 13

c5-t1

Question 14

bone erosions are seen in

Answer 14

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 15

eGFR for CKD

Answer 15

/1.73m2
eGFR <60mls/min/
>3 months

Question 16

AKI treatment

Answer 16

high flow oxygen + furosemide

Question 17

HASBLED uuse

Answer 17

scoring system developed to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients taking anticoagulants with atrial fibrillation

Question 18

first line treatment for heart failure

Answer 18

B blocker + ace inhibitor

Question 19

skip lesions and cobblestone mucosa

Answer 19

crohn’s

Question 20

thiazides act on

Answer 20

distal convoluted tubule

Question 21

furosemide acts on

Answer 21

ascending limb of loop of Henle (loop diuretic)

Question 22

Gohn complexes are associated with

Answer 22

tuberculosis

Question 23

C.diff is a

Answer 23

gram positive bacillus

Question 24

weakness in shoulder abduction is caused by

Answer 24

axillary nerve injury

Question 25

calcium, PTH and phosphate levels in hyperparathyroidism caused by vit D deficiency

Answer 25

• low calcium
• high PTH
• high phosphate

Question 26

critical limb ischaemia sign in examination

Answer 26

Buerger’s test positive with an angle of less than 20 degrees

Question 27

CKD stages by eGFR rates

Answer 27

KD stages: Stage 1 = >90, Stage 2 = 60-89, stage 3a = 45-59, stage 3b = 30-44, stage 4 = 15-29, end stage <15%