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2b deck > clinical signs > Flashcards

clinical signs Flashcards

1
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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2
Q

frothy pink sputum

A

pulmonary oedema

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3
Q

fetid odour of sputum

A

bronchiectasis/lung abscess

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4
Q

history of pneumonia can lead to

A

bronchiectasis or pulmonary fibrosis

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5
Q

severe measles or whooping cough can lead to

A

bronchiectasis

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6
Q

drugs which can lead to pulmonary fibdrosis

A

methotrexate, amiodarone, nitrofurantoin

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7
Q

alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic cause of

A

emphysema

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8
Q

purse lipped breathing

A

COPD

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9
Q

wasting of intrinsic muscles of hand can occur when there is

A

T1 nerve invasion by apical lung cancer

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10
Q

fine tremor can be caused by the use of

A

beta blockers

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11
Q

bounding pulse

A

CO2 retention

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12
Q

pulsus paradoxus is seen in

A

cardiac tamponade or constrictive pericarditis

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13
Q

raised JVP suggests

A
  • cor pulmonale OR

- SVC obstruction due to lung cancer (but this will be accompanied by oedema of face and neck)

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14
Q

chemosis

A

conjunctival oedema seen due to hypercapnia secondary to COPD

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15
Q

barrel chest

A

emphysema

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16
Q

intercostal recession

A

partial laryngeal/tracheal obstruction

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17
Q

tracheal deviation causes

A
  • pulmonary fibrosis/collapse= deviation towards the side of the collapse
  • tension pneumothorax/effusion= away from the pathology
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18
Q

transmission of vibrations in the chest are reduced in

A

pneumothorax or pleural effusion

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19
Q

chest pain when lying flat

A

decubitus angina second to heart failure

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20
Q

some causes of finger clubbing

A
  • non small cell lung cancer
  • idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  • bronchiectasis, lung abscess, cystic fibrosis
  • sarcoidosis
  • atrial myxoma
  • crohn’s/UC
  • cirrhosis
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21
Q

collapsing/waterhammer pulse

A

aortic regurgitation

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22
Q

malar flush

A

mitral stenosis

23
Q

splinter haemorrhages

A

IE, IV drug abuse, rheumatic heart disease, Lupus

24
Q

liver disease causing xanthelasma

A

primary billiary cirrhosis

25
parasternal heave
left ventricular hypertrophy
26
hepatomegaly with pulsation
tricuspid regurgitation
27
causes of ascites
liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, alcoholism, advanced cancers
28
radiofemoral delay
coarctation of aorta
29
pronator drift
upper motor neuron lesion (contralateral pyramidal tract)
30
aortic regurgitation is best heard during
expiration with patient sitting upright and leaning forwards
31
nerve for palmar abduction of thumb
median
32
nerve for palmar adduction of thumb
ulnar
33
Dysdiadochokinesis
cerebellar syndrome or multiple sclerosis
34
Hemiplegic gait description and cause
Arm adducted at the shoulder, flexed elbow and wrist, leg extended and adducted at the hip, knee extended, and ankle plantar-flexed The patient lurches his upper body toward the unparalysed side to elevate the pelvis and swing the paralysed leg round. The plantar-flexed foot scrapes along the ground. caused by unilateral upper motor neuron lesion on contralateral side to affected limb
35
apraxic gait
Parkinson's gait | Slow and shuffling
36
Steppage gait
common peroneal nerve palsy/spinal lesion The patient flexes the knee and lifts the foot high to clear the toes from the ground. As it is returned to the ground, there is a loud slapping noise.
37
Ataxic gait
wide based gait. The feet are planted wide apart and patient sways to one or both sides while walking. Attempting to walk heel-to-toe makes ataxic gait more pronounced. implies either cerebellar, vestibular or sensory impairment.
38
optic nerve test
snellen chart, check visual fields, test light reflexes and accommodation
39
jaw jerk test used to test
trigeminal nerve
40
facial nerve test
screw up eyes, puff out cheeks, raise eyebrows, purse lips and show teeth
41
Rinne's test
The vibrating tuning fork (512Hz) is held on the mastoid until the sound is no longer heard. It is then held near the external acoustic meatus and the sound should continue to be heard. In conductive hearing loss, bone conduction is better than air conduction and the sound is not heard at the external acoustic meatus. In sensorineural hearing loss, both air and bone conduction are decreased by a similar amount
42
Weber's test
Weber’s test: A vibrating tuning fork (512Hz) is held against the forehead in the midline. The vibrations are normally perceived equally in both ears because bone conduction is equal. In conductive hearing loss, the sound is louder in the abnormal ear than in the normal ear. In sensorineural hearing loss, the sound appears louder in the normal ear. The sensitivity of the test can be increased by having the patient block their external ear canals with their index fingers.
43
Koilonychia
spoon-shaped nails, suggesting chronic iron-deficiency
44
Spider naevi
multiple spider naevi suggest underlying liver | disease with increased circulating oestrogens.
45
Dupuytren’s contracture
(fibrosis and shortening of the palmar aponeurosis). Usually idiopathic or familial but there is a possible unproven association with trauma, diabetes, epilepsy, alcoholism and liver disease.
46
Kayser-Fleischer rings
(Wilson’s disease). These are brown rings that encircle the iris, resulting from copper deposition. In the early stages they are best seen with a slit lamp, but later they can be seen with the naked eye
47
telangiectasia
(Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT / Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome) affects the face, oral mucosa, GI tract, lungs, liver and brain, resulting in recurrent haemorrhage)
48
Angular stomatitis
may be caused by deficiency | of Vitamin B6, B12, folate or iron.
49
Glossitis, an abnormal smooth red appearance of the tongue
Painful glossitis is seen in Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency whereas glossitis due to irondeficiency tends to be painless.
50
Gynaecomastia
may be due to increased | circulating oestrogens in liver failure.
51
Murphy’s sign
acute cholecystitis- finds inflamed gallbladder
52
stiffness in RA
significant early morning stiffness (>60 mins usually) | & joints stiffen up again after period of rest/ in evening
53
stiffness in OA
minimal to moderate early morning stiffness (<30 mins usually) & joints made worse by activity. Also stiffen up in evening.
54
eyelid lag | eyelid retraction
lid lag- hypothyroidism | lid retraction- hyperthyroidism

2b deck (18 decks)

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