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Health Assessment > Misc. HA Midterm > Flashcards

Misc. HA Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

deterioration of the retina at the central part

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2
Q

Macular Degeneration types

A

Dry and Wet -

dry: most common, vessels do not leak
wet: d/t abnormal blood vessel growth that leaks fluid into the macula

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3
Q

How to test for Wet Macular Degeneration

A

Amsler Grid – wet = wavy lines

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4
Q

Glaucoma - types

A

Open and Closed

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5
Q

Open Glaucoma

A

d/t slow blockage of drainage canals, causes the angle where the iris meets the cornea is wide open

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6
Q

S&S of open glaucoma

A

1st = loss of peripheral vision
2nd = central vision
painless

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7
Q

Closed Angle Glaucoma

A

EMERGENCY
sudden rise of IOP, closed/narrow angle, rapid, UNILateral headache –> send to ER

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8
Q

Pterygium

A

“surfers eye” – inTERferes with the cornea

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9
Q

Meibomian glands

A

sebacious glands that make tears

blockage = chalazion

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10
Q

Cataract - what is it and 1st symptom

A

Clouding of the lens
1st symptom = difficulty driving at night
painless, blurry vision
MAY lack red light reflex

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11
Q

What does arcus senilis and xantheasma indicate?

A

High Cholesterol!

  • Arcus Senilis (white ring around outter aspect)
  • Xanthelasma (tags on inner eye lid)
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12
Q

Two types of hearing loss

A

Conductive and sensorineural

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13
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

impaired transmission of sound
difficulty understanding
inner ear issue, issue with CN VIII
no corrective surgery

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14
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

difficulty hearing
conduction of sound is impaired

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15
Q

Tests for hearing loss

A

Whisper, Weber, Rinne

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16
Q

Weber and Rinne results

A

Weber - tuning fork on forehead,
= normal, heard BETTER in affected ear, BC > AC

Rinne
(normal +)
(conductive loss = BC > AC in affected ear)
(sensorineural loss AC > BC)

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17
Q

Name 3 major sinuses

A

Ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid

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18
Q

Name major glands in the mouth

A 
stensen ducts (parotid gland opening) 
wharton ducts (submandibular gland opening)
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19
Q

Name major neck lymph nodes

A

Preauricular, ostauricular, tonsilar, submandibular, submental, anterior cervical, posterior cervical, occipital, supraclavicular

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20
Q

How does the thyroid work?

A

Hypothalamus secret thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) –> stimulates thyrotrophs in anterior pituitary to secrete TSH –> stimulates the thyroid follicular cells to release thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

normal = not visible

21
Q

Signs of hyPOthyroid

A

Queen anne’s sign = no lateral eyebrows
Dry brittle hair = hypothyroid
Slow and sluggish

22
Q

Signs of hyPERthyroid

A

Fine thin hair
Onycholysis (in all nails, seperation of nail plate to nail bed)
Hyperactive, anxious
Exopthalmos

PMI increased amplitude

23
Q

Sign of thyrotoxicosis?

A

Lid lag present = upper lid will lag behind eyes downward movement and sclera will be visible above the iris

24
Q

Cone of light left and right

A

LEFT 7 o’clock

RIGHT 5 o’clock

25
Q

Mononucleosis

A

(just highlighted points)

  • lymphadenopathy = post cervical or occipital nodes
  • CBC high with 95% lymphocytes
    • Hepato or splenomegaly
26
Q

Legionnaires disease

A

from dirty AC units, present with LOW SODIUM

27
Q

What is Psittacosis

A

illness form birds

28
Q

how many lobes in L and R lung, names?

A

Right = 3 …

RUL superior

RML anterior

RLL inferior

LUL superior, LLL inferior

29
Q

Tracheobronchial tree

A

Right and left main bronchi formed @ T4-5 → R bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical and almost in direct line with the trachea → higher likelihood of aspiration

30
Q

COPD - general things

A

Barrel chest

increase in AP diameter, loss of muscle strength

higher chance of infection (retain thick mucus)

cant expel (high residual vol.)

less elastic alveoli, more fibrous

31
Q

scoliosis degree of concern

A

if >20 degrees with growth left → brace

32
Q

Pneumonia and tactile fremitus

A

INCREASED

infiltrate within lung tissue

percussion = dull

33
Q

Pleural effusion and tactile fremitus

A

DECREASED

fluid within the visceral and parietal fluid, NOT in lung

percussion = dull

trachea deviated TOWARD UNAFFECTED side

34
Q

tracheal lung sounds

A

heard over trachea

E > I

harsh, high pitch

35
Q

Bronchial LS

A

@ next to trachea

E > I

loud, high pitch

36
Q

Bronchovesicular LS

A

@ sternal order b/w scapula

I = E

medium loudness, medium pitch

37
Q

Vesicular

A

@ remainder of lungs

I > E

soft, low pitch

38
Q

Fine crackles

A

= FLUID

  1. Discontinuous, fine, high pitch, @ end of inspiration
  2. = PNA, CHF, bronchitis, asthma, COPD
39
Q

Coarse crackles

A
  1. Discontinuous, low pitched, bubbling or gurgling, @ early inspiration, extends into expiration
  2. = more advanced disease, pulm edema, pulm fibrosis
40
Q

Wheeze

A
  1. Continuous, high pitched, expiration, small airways
  2. = asthma, COPD, CHF
41
Q

Rhonchi

A
  1. Continuous, low pitched, coarse, loud, expiration
  2. = obstructed trachea, bronchitis, PNA
42
Q

Pleural Friction Rub

A
  1. Superficial low pitch, coarse, throughout inspiration and expiration
  2. = pleurisy, pericarditis, pericardial effusion
  3. Will go away if breath is held
43
Q

Egophany and Bronchophony

A

Ask pt to say “eeee”

  1. Bronchophony: Clear loud E sound
  2. Egophony: sounds like A over a consolidation
44
Q

Pneumothorax - prone, and gen info

A

prone = tall, young, thin males

  1. Inspection: anxious, holding chest, trachea deviated toward UNAFFECTED side
  2. Palpation: decreased tactile fremitus and decreased thoracic expansion
  3. Percussion: hyperresonance on chest wall
    1. Auscultation: decreased or absent breath sounds
45
Q

PE gen info

A
  1. Commonly from DVT
  2. Decreased thoracic expansion on affected side
  3. Tenderness to palpation - pleuritic pain
  4. Dullness to percussion on affected side
  5. Decreased breath sounds, rales/friction rub
46
Q

PE S&S

A
  1. Tachycardia, S3/S4
  2. Dyspnea, rales, pleuritic chest pain, cough, hemoptysis
  3. Leg pain, cyanosis (check lips), fever
  4. Asymmetric pitting lower extremity edema, prominent superficial collateral vessels
  5. Tenderness to palpation
    1. + Homan’s Sign = calf pain with dorsiflexion of foot with knee straight
      1. Measure calves and check popliteal pulse
47
Q

Age for mammograms?

A
  • 40 years old or if any family history, 10 years earlier
48
Q

age for papsmears?

A

21 years old, q 3 years

Health Assessment (3 decks)

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