Misc. Exam 1 stuff Flashcards
Define PRR
Pattern Recognition Receptor: Binds PAMPs and leads to increase in vessel diameter, increase in adhesion molecules and increase in vessel permeability. Present on nearly every cell in the body.
Define PAMP
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern: Expressed on pathogens and bound by PRRs
Define TLRs
Toll-Like Receptors: Type of PRR that singularly recognize specific ligands broadly found on pathogens. Binding to TLR’s involves multiple cofactors resulting in a non-linear response to PAMPs and tolerance at low levels.
Define DAMP
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns: Proteins commonly associated with nuclear envelope that when free are recognized by the innate immune system for clean-up
TLR-4 recognizes…
Endotoxin = Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Final transcription factor most commonly activated in inflammation
NF-kB (via the IRAK pathway; TLR-3 uses the IRF pathway)
Name the cell that forms the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity
dendritic cell
Type I Immunopathology
Immediate Hypersensitivity - Overproduction of IgE in response to environmental allergen (i.e. anaphylaxis, asthma)
Type II Immunopathology
Autoimmunity to Antibodies - Foreign antigen that looks like a self molecule (i.e. autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Grave’s Disease, Myasthenia Gravis)
Type III Immunopathology
Production of antibody against a soluble antigen (i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis)
Type IV Immunopathology
T-cell Mediated - innocent bystander injury (i.e. cavity formation in lungs secondary to tuberculosis or liver destruction by killer T cells in acute viral hepatitis)
Chronic Frustrated Immune Responses
Antigen is not “self” but cannot get rid of it (i.e. gut flora -> IBS; gluten -> Celciac Disease)
Eosin
(orange-red) - stains basic cellular components: hemoglobin, some cytoplasmic granules (i.e. in eosinophils) and other basic proteins
Methylene Blue
(blue-purple) - stains acidic cellular elements: RNA, DNA, basophil granules, cytoplasm of mature lymphocytes and monocytes
Life cycle of Reticulocyte
Bone marrow (3-4 days), circulates in peripheral blood for 1-2 days, identified with supravital stain (causes ribosomes, RNA and other organelles to aggregate into reticulum)