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CORE Neuro > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
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aberrant ICA

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2
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aberrant ICA

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3
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occipital condyle fracture

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4
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dural AVF

Spinal DAVF will have no flow voids in the cord itself, with have funky serpentine vessels surrounding the cord

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5
Q
A

spinal avm

notice the flow voids in the spiral cord. Spinal DAVF will have no flow voids in the cord itself, with have funky serpentine vessels surrounding the cord

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6
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vein of galen malformation

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7
Q

order of frequency of paragangliomas in the head and neck

A

carotid > jugulare > tympanicum > vagale

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8
Q

what are each of these entities (they are different cases)

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9
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cav mal in the conus medullaris

chocolate covered popcorn

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10
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what drugs cause PRES?

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immunomodulators (imuran, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, interferon), EPO, cisplatin

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11
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lymphoepithelial disease; associated with HIV

LEC typically occurs in patients who are HIV positive. The cysts may be unilateral or bilateral and may be associated with diffuse cervical adenopathy. These patients usually present with a nonpainful enlarging neck mass. It may be difficult to differentiate an intraparotid LEC from an enlarging cervical lymph node based on palpation.

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12
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A

warthin tumors

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13
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MS in the spine

  • short segment hyperinensity
  • Cervical segment is most commonly affected
  • Dorsolateral aspect of cord
  • < 1/2 of cross-sectional area of spinal cord
  • < 2 vertebral segments in length

ependymoma would be CENTRAL

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14
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A

left AICA aneurysm

key is the CTA of the head –> think they are showing an aneurysm

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15
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A

left AICA aneurysm

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16
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JNA (also known as juvenile angiofibroma)

involes pterygopalatine fossa

consider preop embolization

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17
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A

cholesterol granuloma

The pathogenesis is controversial with two major schools of thought 3,5:

obstruction-vacuum theory: where eustachian tube dysfunction is thought to be the underlying abnormality and causes mucosal edema with repeated episodes of bleeding

exposed marrow theory: where hyperplastic mucosa invades the underlying bone and exposes bone marrow, which in turn bleeds

In either scenario, trapped blood undergoes degeneration and is surrounded by a chronic inflammatory response. There may also be a superimposed infection.

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18
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disc extrusion. disc obscures L3 root

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19
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subdural injection

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20
Q

how much CSF does an adult produce each day

A

500 mL/day

*half a liter

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21
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A

superior sagittal sinus thrombosis

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22
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interpeduncular cistern

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23
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24
Q

which skull suture closes first?

A

Metopic suture

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25
Q

which is the most common skull suture to close abnormally?

A

sagittal. kids will have long skinny heads like a boat. no cognitive defects

long skull = scaphocephaly (dolichocephaly)

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26
Q

earliest signal change in osmotic demyelination

A

DWI signal

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27
Q

treatment of postseptal versus preseptal cellulitis

A
  • postseptal requires hospitalization, IV ABX and, a surgical consultation
  • preseptal needs ABX
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28
Q

most common location of mucoceles

A

frontal sinus

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29
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30
Q

symptoms consist of dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia, abseenceof pain on the ipsilateral side of the face, contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the body and ataxia

A

wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome)

usually due to infarct in PICA or vertebral artery territory

31
Q

wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome) symptoms

A
  • dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia,
  • absence of pain on the ipsilateral side of the face
  • contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the body and ataxia
32
Q

wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome) vascular territory

A

PICA or vertebral artery

33
Q

brown-sequard syndrome

A
  • spinal cord injury to HALF of the spinal cord
  • ipsilateral loss of proprioception, touch, and vibration sense below the lesion
  • ipsilateral upper motor neuron spastic paralysis below the lesion
  • contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation 2 to 3 levels below the level of the lesion due to damage to the ascending lateral spinothalamic tract which cross 2 to 3 levels above the level of their respective dorsal root
  • ipsilateral loss of motor and sensory function just at the level of the injured segments due to direct damage to ventral and dorsal grey matter
34
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A

Wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome)

35
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A

Brown sequard syndrome

injury to half of the spinal cord

36
Q

14 yo. Parents love cocaine and marijuana. most likely dx?

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

**most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma with nearly half occuring in the h&n

**may be associated with parental cocaine and mrijuana use

*associated with NF-1 and Li-Fraumeni

way more common than nasopharyngeal carcinoma in this age group

37
Q

**most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma with nearly half occuring in the h&n

**may be associated with parental cocaine and mrijuana use

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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64
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Tuberous sclerosis, also known as Bourneville disease

There are numerous foci of subcortical T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) prolongation, many of which demonstrate radiating bands to the ventricular margins, consistent with cortical tubers.

65
Q

inheritance pattern of TSC

A

The majority of cases (approximately 70%) are sporadic, while the remainder are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.

66
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A

deep cerebral venous thrombosis

  • symmetric increased T2 signal in the deep gray matter (thalamus, putamen, caudate) and periventricular white matter
  • linear filling defects/foci of susceptibility in deep cerebral veins
67
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mega cisterna magna

presence of falx cerebelli WITHIN the posterior fossa (yellow arrow)

an arachnoid cyst pushes from an extra-axial location so will not have an internal falx cerebelli

can be diagnosed when the cisterna magna is > 10mm in diameter on prenatal US

68
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posterior fossa arachnoid cyst

69
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70
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71
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Rassmussen encephalitis

72
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Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome

73
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Hemimegcephaly

CORE Neuro (8 decks)

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