Misc Flashcards
aberrant ICA
aberrant ICA
occipital condyle fracture
dural AVF
Spinal DAVF will have no flow voids in the cord itself, with have funky serpentine vessels surrounding the cord
spinal avm
notice the flow voids in the spiral cord. Spinal DAVF will have no flow voids in the cord itself, with have funky serpentine vessels surrounding the cord
vein of galen malformation
order of frequency of paragangliomas in the head and neck
carotid > jugulare > tympanicum > vagale
what are each of these entities (they are different cases)
cav mal in the conus medullaris
chocolate covered popcorn
what drugs cause PRES?
immunomodulators (imuran, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, interferon), EPO, cisplatin
lymphoepithelial disease; associated with HIV
LEC typically occurs in patients who are HIV positive. The cysts may be unilateral or bilateral and may be associated with diffuse cervical adenopathy. These patients usually present with a nonpainful enlarging neck mass. It may be difficult to differentiate an intraparotid LEC from an enlarging cervical lymph node based on palpation.
warthin tumors
MS in the spine
- short segment hyperinensity
- Cervical segment is most commonly affected
- Dorsolateral aspect of cord
- < 1/2 of cross-sectional area of spinal cord
- < 2 vertebral segments in length
ependymoma would be CENTRAL
left AICA aneurysm
key is the CTA of the head –> think they are showing an aneurysm
left AICA aneurysm
JNA (also known as juvenile angiofibroma)
involes pterygopalatine fossa
consider preop embolization
cholesterol granuloma
The pathogenesis is controversial with two major schools of thought 3,5:
obstruction-vacuum theory: where eustachian tube dysfunction is thought to be the underlying abnormality and causes mucosal edema with repeated episodes of bleeding
exposed marrow theory: where hyperplastic mucosa invades the underlying bone and exposes bone marrow, which in turn bleeds
In either scenario, trapped blood undergoes degeneration and is surrounded by a chronic inflammatory response. There may also be a superimposed infection.
disc extrusion. disc obscures L3 root
subdural injection
how much CSF does an adult produce each day
500 mL/day
*half a liter
superior sagittal sinus thrombosis
interpeduncular cistern
which skull suture closes first?
Metopic suture
which is the most common skull suture to close abnormally?
sagittal. kids will have long skinny heads like a boat. no cognitive defects
long skull = scaphocephaly (dolichocephaly)
earliest signal change in osmotic demyelination
DWI signal
treatment of postseptal versus preseptal cellulitis
- postseptal requires hospitalization, IV ABX and, a surgical consultation
- preseptal needs ABX
most common location of mucoceles
frontal sinus
symptoms consist of dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia, abseenceof pain on the ipsilateral side of the face, contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the body and ataxia
wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome)
usually due to infarct in PICA or vertebral artery territory
wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome) symptoms
- dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia,
- absence of pain on the ipsilateral side of the face
- contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the body and ataxia
wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome) vascular territory
PICA or vertebral artery
brown-sequard syndrome
- spinal cord injury to HALF of the spinal cord
- ipsilateral loss of proprioception, touch, and vibration sense below the lesion
- ipsilateral upper motor neuron spastic paralysis below the lesion
- contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation 2 to 3 levels below the level of the lesion due to damage to the ascending lateral spinothalamic tract which cross 2 to 3 levels above the level of their respective dorsal root
- ipsilateral loss of motor and sensory function just at the level of the injured segments due to direct damage to ventral and dorsal grey matter
Wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome)
Brown sequard syndrome
injury to half of the spinal cord
14 yo. Parents love cocaine and marijuana. most likely dx?
rhabdomyosarcoma
**most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma with nearly half occuring in the h&n
**may be associated with parental cocaine and mrijuana use
*associated with NF-1 and Li-Fraumeni
way more common than nasopharyngeal carcinoma in this age group
**most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma with nearly half occuring in the h&n
**may be associated with parental cocaine and mrijuana use
rhabdomyosarcoma
Tuberous sclerosis, also known as Bourneville disease
There are numerous foci of subcortical T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) prolongation, many of which demonstrate radiating bands to the ventricular margins, consistent with cortical tubers.
inheritance pattern of TSC
The majority of cases (approximately 70%) are sporadic, while the remainder are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.
deep cerebral venous thrombosis
- symmetric increased T2 signal in the deep gray matter (thalamus, putamen, caudate) and periventricular white matter
- linear filling defects/foci of susceptibility in deep cerebral veins
mega cisterna magna
presence of falx cerebelli WITHIN the posterior fossa (yellow arrow)
an arachnoid cyst pushes from an extra-axial location so will not have an internal falx cerebelli
can be diagnosed when the cisterna magna is > 10mm in diameter on prenatal US
posterior fossa arachnoid cyst
Rassmussen encephalitis
Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome
Hemimegcephaly
