misc Flashcards
fertility is often affected in triple X syndrome T or F
F
how does a mutated ABL gene cause cancer
ABL codes for a tyrosine kinase receptor in a cell growth signalling pathway, the BCR-abl fusion gene upregulates the tyrosine kinase receptor; making it permanently switch on – CML pathogenesis.
what cancer is a mutated Myc gene associated with?
Burkitt’s lymphoma and mutations are found in a number of other cancers – gastric, colorectal, breast Ca.
what is the function of Myc gene?
Myc is a family of genes which code for specific transcription factors associated with growth regulation.
pathophysiology of neonatal diabetes?
50% due to transcriptional mutation of K-ATPase channel of beta cell.
which diabetes are turner’s syndrome patients associated with?
t1dm
someone with known renal problems, develops clinical features consistent with pericarditis, what could be the cause of it?
uraemia
most common cause of physiological (benign) proteinuria?
postural or post infection PU
how does calcinosis in CREST syndrome present in patients?
calcific bumps in their fingers
most critical complication of GCA that you should not miss out
eye involvement
difference between granulomatous polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis?
MPA doesn’t affect vessels in nose, (only lungs and kidneys), MPA does not have granulomas on histology, and MPA is p-ANCA associated
which vasculitis is often mistaken for asthma?
eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiits or churg strauss
which Ig(?) is HSP associated with?
IgA
where is HSP rash more likely to be?
buttocks and legs
HSP purpruse is palpable - T or F?
T
which vasculitis is associated with a saddle nose deformity?
GPA
crash symptoms in kawasaki’s disease
conjunctivitis rash adenopathy strawberry tongue hands and feet skin peeling
what condition can cause - hypercalcaemia
high ACE in serum
erythema nodosum
sarcoidosis
what kind of granulomas does sarcoidosis cause - caseating or non caseating?
non-caseating
what can be found on histology biopsy of a sarcoid granuloma?
non caseating granuloma, langerhans giant cell
what are some features of sarcoidosis
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
erythema nodosum
uveitis
arthritis
investigations and features in sarcoidosis?
bloods look for hypercalcaemia, raised ACE
bronchoalveolar lavage finding raised R cells
biopsy
what drug to use in asthmatic who needs aspirin for cardiovascular protection?
clopidogrel
what type of nephritis is characterised by mesangial expansion and immune complex deposition?
IgA nephropathy or poststreptococcal gn
what can cause crescentic glomerulonephritis?
type 1 - anti GBM
type 2 - SLE, poststrep GN, HSP, IgA nephropathy
type 3 - ANCA +ve nephritis
what forms the crescents in crescentic GN?
fibrin, macrophages, epithelial cells, plasma proteins (complement)
what pattern of immunofluorescence shows up in goodpasture’s disease?
linear
how long does poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis take to present after infection?
usually 1-3 weeks after
how long does IgA nephropathy take to present after infection?
during or 1-2 days after infection
what are 3 causes of secondary FSGS
sickle cell
HIV
heroin abuse
what is kimmelsteil wilson nodules associated with
diabetic nephropathy
what antiemetic to use in palliation, with and without renal failure?
without - cyclizine
with - haloperidol
what analgesic to use in palliation, with and without renal failure?
without - morphine
with - alfentanyl
which antibiotic should be dosed according to IBW?
gentamicin
which 2 antibiotics serum levels should be routinely monitored?
gentamicin and vancomycin
which GN causes a tram-track appearance on light microscopy of the glomerulus?
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
which GN is associated with hepatitis C?
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
which GN causes a spike and dome pattern on light microscopy?
membranous glomerulonephritis
which GN is associated with hyaline casts on urine microscopy?
FSGS
which cause of AKI would show high eosinophils?
acute interstitial nephritis
what is the pattern found on renal biopsy in immunofluorescence found in good pasture’s?
linear
what pattern of immunofluoresence is seen in renal biopsy for SLE nephritis?
granular
hypothyroidism is associated with high or low lipids?
high
what are auer rods synonymous with?
AML
what is te virus that causes leukaemia and lymphoma?
HTLV
which lymphoma is associated with minimal change disease
hodgkin lymphoma
smudge cells are associated with what?
CLL
what is the antidote used in poisonings of paracetamol, opioids, benzodiazepenes, and digoxin?
acetylcysteine, naloxone, flumezanil, digibind
what can cause a clinical picture to shift from respiratory alkalosis to metabolic acidosis
salicylate poisoning
does salicylate poisoning cause hyper or hypoglycaemia?
hypoglycaemia
what is the primary organ of concern in tricylic overdose?
heart, arrythmias
what is the antidote used in iron overdose
desferrioxamine
activated charcoal is not effective against what poison?
elemental metals, hydrocarbons, alcohols
what can be found on ECG in benzo poisoning?
prolonged QT
what is the main presentation in benzo poisoning?
depressed CNS and respiratory system, cardiac arrythmia
what antidote can be given in organophosphate poisoning?
atropine
what is the main toxic effect of organophosphate poisoning?
anti acetylcholinesterase effect, causing over stimulation of cholinergic pathways
