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4 CSIM2 > misc > Flashcards

misc Flashcards

1
Q

fertility is often affected in triple X syndrome T or F

A

F

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2
Q

how does a mutated ABL gene cause cancer

A

ABL codes for a tyrosine kinase receptor in a cell growth signalling pathway, the BCR-abl fusion gene upregulates the tyrosine kinase receptor; making it permanently switch on – CML pathogenesis.

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3
Q

what cancer is a mutated Myc gene associated with?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma and mutations are found in a number of other cancers – gastric, colorectal, breast Ca.

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4
Q

what is the function of Myc gene?

A

Myc is a family of genes which code for specific transcription factors associated with growth regulation.

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5
Q

pathophysiology of neonatal diabetes?

A

50% due to transcriptional mutation of K-ATPase channel of beta cell.

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6
Q

which diabetes are turner’s syndrome patients associated with?

A

t1dm

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7
Q

someone with known renal problems, develops clinical features consistent with pericarditis, what could be the cause of it?

A

uraemia

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8
Q

most common cause of physiological (benign) proteinuria?

A

postural or post infection PU

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9
Q

how does calcinosis in CREST syndrome present in patients?

A

calcific bumps in their fingers

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10
Q

most critical complication of GCA that you should not miss out

A

eye involvement

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11
Q

difference between granulomatous polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis?

A

MPA doesn’t affect vessels in nose, (only lungs and kidneys), MPA does not have granulomas on histology, and MPA is p-ANCA associated

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12
Q

which vasculitis is often mistaken for asthma?

A

eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiits or churg strauss

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13
Q

which Ig(?) is HSP associated with?

A

IgA

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14
Q

where is HSP rash more likely to be?

A

buttocks and legs

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15
Q

HSP purpruse is palpable - T or F?

A

T

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16
Q

which vasculitis is associated with a saddle nose deformity?

A

GPA

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17
Q

crash symptoms in kawasaki’s disease

A 
conjunctivitis
rash
adenopathy
strawberry tongue
hands and feet skin peeling
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18
Q

what condition can cause - hypercalcaemia
high ACE in serum
erythema nodosum

A

sarcoidosis

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19
Q

what kind of granulomas does sarcoidosis cause - caseating or non caseating?

A

non-caseating

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20
Q

what can be found on histology biopsy of a sarcoid granuloma?

A

non caseating granuloma, langerhans giant cell

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21
Q

what are some features of sarcoidosis

A

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
erythema nodosum
uveitis
arthritis

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22
Q

investigations and features in sarcoidosis?

A

bloods look for hypercalcaemia, raised ACE
bronchoalveolar lavage finding raised R cells
biopsy

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23
Q

what drug to use in asthmatic who needs aspirin for cardiovascular protection?

A

clopidogrel

24
Q

what type of nephritis is characterised by mesangial expansion and immune complex deposition?

A

IgA nephropathy or poststreptococcal gn

25
Q

what can cause crescentic glomerulonephritis?

A

type 1 - anti GBM
type 2 - SLE, poststrep GN, HSP, IgA nephropathy
type 3 - ANCA +ve nephritis

26
Q

what forms the crescents in crescentic GN?

A

fibrin, macrophages, epithelial cells, plasma proteins (complement)

27
Q

what pattern of immunofluorescence shows up in goodpasture’s disease?

A

linear

28
Q

how long does poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis take to present after infection?

A

usually 1-3 weeks after

29
Q

how long does IgA nephropathy take to present after infection?

A

during or 1-2 days after infection

30
Q

what are 3 causes of secondary FSGS

A

sickle cell
HIV
heroin abuse

31
Q

what is kimmelsteil wilson nodules associated with

A

diabetic nephropathy

32
Q

what antiemetic to use in palliation, with and without renal failure?

A

without - cyclizine

with - haloperidol

33
Q

what analgesic to use in palliation, with and without renal failure?

A

without - morphine

with - alfentanyl

34
Q

which antibiotic should be dosed according to IBW?

A

gentamicin

35
Q

which 2 antibiotics serum levels should be routinely monitored?

A

gentamicin and vancomycin

36
Q

which GN causes a tram-track appearance on light microscopy of the glomerulus?

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

37
Q

which GN is associated with hepatitis C?

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

38
Q

which GN causes a spike and dome pattern on light microscopy?

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

39
Q

which GN is associated with hyaline casts on urine microscopy?

A

FSGS

40
Q

which cause of AKI would show high eosinophils?

A

acute interstitial nephritis

41
Q

what is the pattern found on renal biopsy in immunofluorescence found in good pasture’s?

A

linear

42
Q

what pattern of immunofluoresence is seen in renal biopsy for SLE nephritis?

A

granular

43
Q

hypothyroidism is associated with high or low lipids?

A

high

44
Q

what are auer rods synonymous with?

A

AML

45
Q

what is te virus that causes leukaemia and lymphoma?

A

HTLV

46
Q

which lymphoma is associated with minimal change disease

A

hodgkin lymphoma

47
Q

smudge cells are associated with what?

A

CLL

48
Q

what is the antidote used in poisonings of paracetamol, opioids, benzodiazepenes, and digoxin?

A

acetylcysteine, naloxone, flumezanil, digibind

49
Q

what can cause a clinical picture to shift from respiratory alkalosis to metabolic acidosis

A

salicylate poisoning

50
Q

does salicylate poisoning cause hyper or hypoglycaemia?

A

hypoglycaemia

51
Q

what is the primary organ of concern in tricylic overdose?

A

heart, arrythmias

52
Q

what is the antidote used in iron overdose

A

desferrioxamine

53
Q

activated charcoal is not effective against what poison?

A

elemental metals, hydrocarbons, alcohols

54
Q

what can be found on ECG in benzo poisoning?

A

prolonged QT

55
Q

what is the main presentation in benzo poisoning?

A

depressed CNS and respiratory system, cardiac arrythmia

56
Q

what antidote can be given in organophosphate poisoning?

A

atropine

57
Q

what is the main toxic effect of organophosphate poisoning?

A

anti acetylcholinesterase effect, causing over stimulation of cholinergic pathways

4 CSIM2 (11 decks)

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