Misc

Question 1

exceptions to octet rule

Answer 1

H, Be, B, Al (go under octet rule)

3rd row and lower can go OVER octet rule

Odd # of elections overall (i.e. NO = 11 electrons, no way both atoms will have 8 valence electrons)

Question 2

SN2 Reaction

Answer 2

doubling the solvent [acetone] will reduce the rate of rxn by a factor of 4

Question 3

Aprotic Solvents (SN2 rxn)

Answer 3

acetone, DMSO, DMF, acetonitrile, ether (any), THF

aprotic = not capable of H bonding

Question 4

Strong Nucleophiles

Answer 4

CN, N3, Cl, Br, I, SH, SR (all minus)

think SN2
strong nucleophiles but weak bases (there are strong nucleophiles and strong bases)

Question 5

Inert Solvents

Answer 5

*not part of reaction

CCl4 and CH2Cl2

Question 6

oxymercuration-demercuration

Answer 6

NaBH4 removes mercury and replaces oxygen in the last step

Question 7

ROOR (peroxide)

Answer 7

only changes HBr reactions to Anti-Markovnicov an nothing else.

Question 8

Markovikov’s Rule

Answer 8

“rich gets richer”

• The atom that adds an electrophile, adds tot he less substituted side
• The atom that adds as the nucleophile in the next step, adds to the more substituted side

Or if adding hydrogens, the side with more hydrogens get another hydrogen

Question 9

Strong acids

Answer 9

HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HBr, HClO4, HI

Question 10

Aromaticity

Answer 10

1. cyclic and conjugated pi bonds
2. no sp3
3. planar (7 atoms or less)
4. 2, 6, 10, 14 pi electrons (or odd pair of double bonds) = aromatic
5. 4,8,12,16 pi electrons (or even pair of double bonds) = Anti aromatic