Misc

Question 1

• Pit adenomas common in who?
• Calcified tumors? Location?
• Baso? Eisino?
• Micro size? Location? Hypofx?
• Macro size? Effect?
• Prev? (3)
• Pit. Aploplexy? Can occur with?
• Lymphocytic hypophysitis?
• Germinoma: WHO? What else effected?
• Location of meningioma?
• Hamartoma: Molformed? (2) Increased? (2)
• Mass effect symptoms? (4)

Answer 1

• young/middle aged
• Craniopharyngiomas; suprasellar
• ACTH; GH
• 10mm; mass effect
• PRL>Null>Gonadotroph
• Infarct of pit; occurs with macroadenoma
• Autoimmune post partum
• 4; gonads/midline structures
• Sphenoid alley
• Glial/neural; GnRH/CRH
• HA, hemianopsia, pan hypo pit, ptosis

Question 2

• When is crossing percentiles bad?
• Failure to thrive trend?
• Most common causes of decreased growth? (3)
  1. ) GH defic: 3 causes? Wt? Ht?
  2. ) TH Defic: 3 causes? Wt? Ht?
  3. ) Gonadal Hor. Defic: 2 examples? Tests? (2)
  4. ) Steroid Excess: Endo ex? Exo? (2) Wt? Ht?
  5. ) FSS: Girl eq? Boy eq?
• GH Indications? (8)

Answer 2

• After 2yo
• Wt falls off then height
• Nutrition, systemic dz, metabolic
  1. ) Pit mal, GHRH defic, GH resistance; wt tracks, ht falls off
  2. ) Ectopic gland, autoimmune, graves; wt track, ht drops
  3. ) Const. delay (mean par.); Turner (decr. SHOX gene)
  4. ) Cushings, Asthma/Inflamm.; Increase wt but not ht.
  5. ) G: F-5+M/2 B: M+5 + F/2 +/- 2
• GH defic., Renal, Aids, P-W, Turners, Idiopathic, short bowel, noonans

Question 3

• Thyroid hormone modified where?
• Acidophils? (2) Basophils? (3)
  1. ) Ant Pit: Derived from? (2) Pars Distalis? Tuberalis? Intermedia?
  2. ) Post Pit: Derived from? Pars nervosa? Infundibulum? Median Eminence?
• PN/ PD location? Blood supply?
  3. ) Adrenal gland: Medulla derived from? Cells? Blood?
  4. ) Thyroid: 2 cells? Colloid in?
  5. ) Pineal gland makes? High when? Looks like?

Answer 3

• Liver
• Somatotrophs, Lactotrophs; Gonado, Cortico, Thyro
  1. ) Oral ectoderm/Rathke’s; Hormone secreting cells; Sheath around infundibulum; Remn. of Rathke’s pouch
  2. ) Neuroectoderm; Infund. process; stalk with portal vessels; axon to p. nervosa
• Distal; Inf. Hypophyseal artery
  3. ) Neural crest; Chromaffin; from cap down to suprarenal v.
  4. ) Follicular (Colloid); C Cells
  5. ) Melatonin; high at night; brain sand

Question 4

• Comp med? Alt med? % uses it? Most common use?
• CAM?
• DSHEA year? Regulated like? Can’t be with?
• High quality?
• Safe/effective for dyslipid? (4) Not?
• Obesity possibly effective? (2) Not? (2)
• 4 with safety concerns?
• DM: Chromium can cause? Vanadium?
• Htx: Garlic? CoQ SE’s? (2)

Answer 4

• Used with western; instead of; 72%; back pain
• Using therpais together with western
• 1994; Food; not with OTC’s
• Supplemental seal
• Fish oil (TG’s); Niacin, Stanols, Sterols; garlic
• Calcium, orlistat with blonde psyllium; Ephedra/ Bitter Orange
• Ephedra, Bitter Orange, 5-HTP, Aristolachia
• Renal dysfx; effective T2DM but renal dysfx
• Disc. before surgery; Increase bleed/T4/T8

Question 5

• Imaging:
  T1: Allign with? What is brighter? Fluid? Fat?
  T2: Desynchronize? Fluid? white matter?
• Use what for pit. tumors?
• Treat prolactinomas with? Treat GH tumors how?

Answer 5

• Mag field; white matter; dark; bright
• yes; bright; dark
• Non conteast T1
• Dusinex; debulk

Question 6

• Bioassay measures? Immunoassay?
• Protein hormones? (2) Tyrosine? (3)
• Steroid: Carried via? % free? Half life?
• Peptide: Half life? Not degraded by proteases? (3)
• JAK/STAT Cyto? (2)
• EGFR? (2)
• High PRL?
• Gs? (2) Gi? (2) Gq? (2)
• ADH/ Oxy made where? (2)

Answer 6

• Function and amount; amount
• GH/Insulin; NE/E/TH
• Protein; low; long
• Short; PRL, GH, IGF1
• GH/PRL
• IGF Insulin
• Low GnRH
• CRH, GHRH; SST, PIH; GnRH, TRH
• Supraoptic/ PVN

Question 7

• Low glucose? High AA? Somatostatin?
• Larons? Treat?
• Same alpha unit? (4)
• 27 C’s; 21? 19? 18? 17?
• Ovulation due to? (3)
• Then what increases? (2)
• All fall?
• 2 male cells?
• 2 female cells?

Answer 7

• High GH; High GH; Low GH
• No GH receptor; IGF-1
• FSH, LH, TSH, HCG
• Chol; Progestin; Androgen; Estrogen; Progesterone
• LH/FSH/Estradiol high
• Progesterone; Inhibins
• Leydig/ Sertoli
• Theca/Granulosa