Misc. #2 - aa

Question 1

More than 90% of cases of encopresis result from _____ so you must treat the _____ before you can effectively treat encopresis

Answer 1

constipation

Question 2

What is encopresis?

Answer 2

The repeated passage of stool into inappropriate places (such as in the underpants) by a child who is chronologically or developmentally > 4 years of age. The highest prevalence is between 5 and 6 years of age.

Question 3

What is the most common type of inguinal hernia?

Answer 3

indirect

Question 4

Inguinal hernia in infancy and childhood should be repaired; they never resolve spontaneously.
T/F

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Scaphoid abdomen (concave anterior abdominal wall) is associated with what?

Answer 5

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 6

Meconium ileus is caused by ____ until proven otherwise.

Answer 6

cystic fibrosis

Question 7

Cryptorchidism: surgical orchidopexy should be performed if descent has not occurred by what age?

Answer 7

6-12 months

Question 8

What are two major risks of cryptorchidism?

Answer 8

~infertility

~testicular cancer

Question 9

10-15% of Hirschsprung patients have ____.

Answer 9

Down syndrome

Question 10

An oblong, nontender soft mass in the scrotum that is not reducible. Vast majority go away spontaneously by 18 months of age.

Answer 10

hydrocele

Question 11

What are the HEADDSS topics?

Answer 11

Home environment/Health (family, nutrition, relationships)
Education/Employment (grades, homework, schedule, plans)
Activities (fun, tv, reading, sports, friends)
Drugs
Depression/suicide
Safety (home, school, seatbelt, helmets)
Sexuality (condoms, STIs, sexual preference)

Question 12

Which comes first, pubic hair or armpit hair?

Answer 12

Pubic hair precedes axillary hair.

Question 13

What is the number 1 leading cause of death in infants < 1 year?

Answer 13

congenital anomalies

Question 14

What is the number 1 leading cause of death in children/adolescents > 1 year?

Answer 14

Unintentional injury

Question 15

What are the top 5 leading causes of death in infants < 1 year?

Answer 15

1. congenital anomalies
2. short gestation
3. SIDS
4. pregnancy complications (maternal)
5. unintentional injury

Question 16

What are the top 5 leading causes of death in adolescents 15-24?

Answer 16

1. unintentional injury
2. homicide
3. suicide
4. malignancy
5. heart disease!

Question 17

A score of __ or more on CAGE questions is highly suggestive of substance abuse.

Answer 17

2

Question 18

The use of urine toxicology for routine substance use screening is recommended/not recommended?

Answer 18

Not recommended.

Question 19

What percentage of teen pregnancies end in live births?

Answer 19

57%

Question 20

What country has the highest rate of teen pregnancy in the developed world?

Answer 20

U.S.

Question 21

What is the leading cause of death in young athletes?

Answer 21

~sudden cardiac death, most often caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or congenital coronary artery anomalies
~use of screening ECG in asymptomatic patients is discouraged by AHA

Question 22

What is the difference in bruising that is typically accidental in toddlers and bruising from abuse?

Answer 22

~toddlers/children typically sustain accidental bruising over bony prominences (e.g. shins, elbows)
~abusive bruising is typically found over the soft tissues

Question 23

What STIs strongly suggest sexual abuse?

Answer 23

Gonorrhea or syphilis beyond the perinatal period

Question 24

What abx are problematic in children?

Answer 24

1. aminoglycosides: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
2. tetracyclines should not be given to children under 8 years old because can permanently discolor teeth
3. ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice for kids due to adverse events related to joints and surrounding tissues
4. allergic rxns (beta-lactams) and encephalopathy (penicillins)

Question 25

“gasping syndrome”

Answer 25

A potentially fatal toxicity in neonates due to sodium benzoate in liquid acetaminophen preparations