Misc Flashcards
Teletypewriter Formats
Teletypewriters, often abbreviated as TTY, come in several formats, but the three main formats commonly used are:
- Baudot Code (5-bit Teletype): This was one of the earliest formats used for teletypewriters and used a 5-bit binary code. It was limited in the characters it could represent and had a slower data transmission speed compared to later formats.
- ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): ASCII-based teletypewriters became prevalent as ASCII encoding became the standard for text and data representation in computing. These TTYs could transmit a wider range of characters and symbols, making them more versatile.
- EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code): EBCDIC-based teletypewriters were used in some IBM systems and other mainframes. EBCDIC is a character encoding that uses 8 bits per character and was primarily used in large-scale computing environments.
ASCII-based TTYs became the most widely adopted due to the compatibility with emerging computer systems and the broader character set it supported.
In radio communications, a parasitic element refers to
an element in an antenna system that is not connected directly to the transmitter or receiver but plays a critical role in influencing the antenna’s radiation pattern and performance.
NAVPERSCOM
Navy Personnel Command
CNDSP
Computer network defense service providers (CNDSP) commonly consist of a Computer Emergency Response Team or Incident Response and Recovery Team (IRRT) and are closely associated with Network Operations and Security Center.
Four Characteristics of CODRESS
CODRESS
(1) A CODRESS message discloses the originator and all action/information addressee designations only within the encrypted text. Format lines 6, 7, 8 and 9 are never used in a CODRESS message.
(2) The heading of a CODRESS message contains only the information essential for routing the message to the receiving station.
(3) Plain language transmission instructions are prohibited.
(4) The classification designator “U” (UNCLASSIFIED) will be used in format lines 2 and 4 for all CODRESS messages.
TRC
Transmission Release Code (TRC). A two-letter element which is inserted in the heading format lines two and four in conjunction with the redundant security character group to indicate authorization for the transmission of a message to a regional defense organization or another nation. Note: TRC is a US procedure, but is required on all Allied/NATO circuits that directly interface US AUTODIN using ACP128 format.
Tier I
(Global). This tier provides DoD-wide CND operational
direction or support to CC/S/A/FAs. Tier I entities include USCYBERCOM as a USSTRATCOM subunified command including supporting entities such as the Defense Criminal Investigative Organization, NTOC, and appropriate DoD LE/CI organizations.
Tier II
(Regional/Theater). Tier II provides DoD component-wide
operational direction or support and responds to direction from Tier I. Tier II Includes CC/S/A/FA CNDSPs designated by heads of components to coordinate component-wide CND.
Tier III
(Local). Tier III provides local operational direction or
support and responds to direction from a designated Tier II entity. Tier III includes bases, posts, camps, stations, and all entities responding to direction from a CC/S/A/FA Tier II CNDSP (e.g., manage and control information networks, ISs, and services, either deployed or fixed at DoD installations).
CND Services. As defined in DoDI O-8530.2 (reference c), there are __________ primary CND services
three
primary CND services: (1) protect; (2) monitor, analyze, and detect; and (3) respond.
Off-line encrypted service messages will be identified as a service message only within
the encrypted text
C4I
Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence
The following 5 publications apply to the operation of the ALTERS:
a. ACP 117 Series, - Allied Routing Indicator Books.
b. ACP 121, Communications Instructions - General.
c. ACP 122, Communications Instructions - Security.
d. ACP 131, Communications Instructions - Operating Signals.
e. ACP 167, Glossary of Communications-Electronics Terms.
An ABBREVIATED PLAINDRESS message omits certain format lines for
message brevity. ABBREVIATED PLAINDRESS messages shall be composed of the format lines shown in Annex C. Format lines 2, 4, 11, 12, 13, 15 and 16 are mandatory in ABBREVIATED PLAINDRESS messages.
DISA
Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA). This agency (formerly the Defense Communications Agency) is the DOD-designated manager of the Defense Communications System (DCS). DISA designs, engineers, and develops the DCS to satisfy validated requirements. DISA has overall responsibility for planning, developing, and supporting the command, control, communications (C3)
CND monitor, analyze, and detect services provide
CND situational awareness, attack sensing and warning (AS&W), and indications and warning
(I&W).
Attack Sensing and Warning (AS&W)
AS&W data gives the Department of Defense the ability to sense
changes in DoD information networks. AS&W includes the detection,
correlation, identification, and characterization of a large spectrum of
intentional unauthorized activity, including an intrusion or attack. It couples
CJCSM 6510.01B
Indications and Warnings (I&W)
I&W data gives the Department of Defense the ability to sense
changes in adversary activities. I&W includes those intelligence activities intended to detect and report time-sensitive intelligence information on foreign developments that could involve a threat to the United States or allied military, political, or economic interests or to U.S. citizens abroad. The Intelligence Community (IC) provides I&W for foreign threats from nation-states and transnational groups.
Intelligence Community Agencies
and who oversees IC
Intelligence Community Agencies
The Director of National Intelligence oversees the IC.
Intelligence Community seal
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
National Reconnaissance (NRO)
National Security Agency (NSA)
National Air & Space Intelligence Center
Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI)
U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command
U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence
U.S. Marine Corps Intelligence Activity (MCIA)
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
U.S. Department of State Bureau of Intelligence and Research
(INR)
U.S. Department of the Treasury
U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Contention protocols
Contention protocols define what happens when two or more nodes try to send messages across the network simultaneously. The most widely used contention protocol is CSMA/CD
DON
COMSEC SOP
Department of the Navy
Communications Security Standing Operating Procedures
