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Neurology > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
Q

What is a surgical third nerve palsy?

A

A third nerve palsy with a fixed and dilated pupil

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2
Q

What is a medical third nerve palsy?

A

A third nerve palsy that is pupil sparing

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of a third nerve palsy?

A

Ptosis
Down and out eye

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of a surgical third nerve palsy?

A

Posterior communicating artery aneurysm

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5
Q

What is Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

Autoimmune condition characterised by antibodies against the pre-synaptic voltage gated calcium channels

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6
Q

What conditions are associated with Lambert-Eton syndrome?

A

Small cell lung cancer
Other autoimmune diseases

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7
Q

What is myotonic dystrophy?

A

A trinucleotide repeat disorder affecting muscle-specific chloride channels

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8
Q

What is the inheritance of myotonic dystrohpy?

A

Autosomal dominant

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9
Q

What are the features of myotonic dystrophy?

A

Patient presents in their 20s
Frontal balding
Distal wasting and weakness
Slow relaxing grip
Dysarthria

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10
Q

What is NMO?

A

Neuromyelitis optica

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11
Q

What is the triad of NMO?

A

Optic neuritis
Transverse myelitis
Positive NMO-IgG - an antibody that targets aquaporin 4

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12
Q

Which damaged nerve can lead to foot drop?

A

Common peroneal nerve

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13
Q

What is Cushing’s triad?

A

Labile breathing
Bradycardia
Hypertension

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14
Q

What are the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy?

A

ABCDE
- Alcohol
- B12/folate
- Chronic renal failure
- Diabetes
- Everything else - vasculitis, paraneoplastic

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15
Q

What is the distribution of peripheral neuropathy?

A

Glove and stocking

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16
Q

Where is the lesion in a superior quadrantanopia?

A

Temporal optic radiations

17
Q

Where is the lesion in an inferior quadrantantopia?

A

Parietal optic radiations

18
Q

What are the symptoms of increased ICP?

A

Headache worse in the morning
Vomiting (can relieve symptoms)
Blurred vision
Behavioural changes
Reduced consciousness levels

19
Q

What investigation is contraindicated in increased ICP?

A

Lumbar puncture

20
Q

Why is lumbar puncture contraindicated in increased ICP?

A

Brainstem herniation

21
Q

What is a positive Romberg’s sign?

A

When a patient becomes unsteady upon closure of their eyes when standing upright

22
Q

What kind of ataxia does a positive Romberg’s sign suggest?

A

Sensory ataxia

23
Q

What is the first line preventative treatment of migraine?

A

Amitryptyline or a beta blocker

24
Q

What is modafinil used for?

A

To treat drowsiness in narcolepsy (and other conditions)

Neurology (32 decks)

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