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FINALS - GI > misc > Flashcards

misc Flashcards

1
Q

what is rovsings sign + where is it seen

A

appendicitis // palpate LLQ –> pain in RLQ

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2
Q

what is murpheys sign + where is it seen

A

pain palpating RUQ on inspiration // cholecystitis

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3
Q

what is cullens sign + where is it seen

A

bruising round umbilicus // pancreatitis (or intraa bleed)

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4
Q

what is grey-turners sign + where is it seen

A

bruise in flank // pancreatitis (or retroperitoneal bleed)

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5
Q

how many units of alcohol should a person not exceed a week

A

14

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6
Q

how is a unit calculated

A

(ml x ABV) / 1000

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7
Q

how does alcoholic ketoacidosis (HONK) occur

A

starvation –> breakdown ketones – > ketoacidosis

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8
Q

presentation alc0holic ketoacidosis

A

met acidosis // eleveated ketone // normal (or low) glucose

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9
Q

mx HONK

A

IV saline and thiamine

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10
Q

what causes metabolic alkalosis (5)

A

vomiting or aspiration // diuretics // hypokalaemia // hyperaldosteronism // cushinhgs

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11
Q

what other U+E issue can vomiting lead too

A

hypokalaemia

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12
Q

what defines malnutrition (3)

A

BMI <18.5 // wt loss >10% in 3-6 months // BMI <20 + wt loss >5% in 3-6 months

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13
Q

what does the MUST score take into account

A

BMI // recent weight chance // acute disease

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14
Q

what is refeeding syndrome

A

increased carbs after long starvation (catabolic) periods

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15
Q

what metabolic consequences occur in refeeding syndrome (4)

A

hypophosphate // hypokalamia // hypomagnesia // fluid shift –> arrhythmia

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16
Q

what are fat soluble vitamens

A

ADEK

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17
Q

what can cause fat soluble vitaman deficiency

A

steotohrroea

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18
Q

what can vit A deficiency cause

A

night blindness (converted into retinal)

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19
Q

what causes vit B1 (thiamine) deficiency

A

alcohol excess and malnutrition

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20
Q

what conditions are assoc with vit B1 deficiency

A

wernicke // korsakoff // beri-beri

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21
Q

symptoms wernicke

A

nystagmus // opthalmoplegia // ataxia

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22
Q

symptoms korsakoffs

A

anmesia and confabulation

23
Q

symptoms dr vs wet beri beri

A

dry = peripheral neuropathy // wet = dilated cardiomyopathy

24
Q

what does vit B3 deficiency cause

A

pellegra: dermatits (brown scaly rash) , diarrhoea, dementia

25
Q

what can cause pellagra

A

isoniazids + alcohol

26
Q

what causes vit B6 (pyrodoxine) deficiency

A

isoniazide

27
Q

symptoms of vit B6 deficiency

A

peripheral neuropathy // sideroblastic anaemia

28
Q

what is Vit C deficiency (ascorbic acid) caused by

A

malnutrition // drug and alcohol // no fruiit or veg

29
Q

symptoms scurvy

A

easy bruising // poor wound healing // gingivitis // oedema // malaise

30
Q

what inheritance is peutz jeghers syndrome + what genes

A

autosomal dominant LKB1 or STK11

31
Q

symptoms peutz jeghers syndrome (5)

A

polyps in GI tract // SBO // intussusception // GI bleed // pigmented skin legions

32
Q

haemochromatosis inheritence + gene mitation

A

autosomal recessive // HFE

33
Q

primary symptoms haemochromatosis

A

fatigue // ED // arthalgia (hands) // bronze skin // DM // liver disease //

34
Q

what heart symtpoms does haemochromatosis cause

A

dilated cardiomyopathy + HF

35
Q

what endocrine symptoms does haemochromatosis cause

A

hypogonadism

36
Q

which features of haemochromatosis are reversible

A

cardiomyopathy + skin pigmentation

37
Q

which features of haemochromatosis are irreversible

A

cirrhosis / DM // hypogonadism // arthritis

38
Q

screening for haemochromatosis

A

raised transferrin saturation (> ferratin) // genetic HFE testing

39
Q

what bloods are seen in haemochromatosis

A

transferrin >55% (men) or >50% (women) // raised ferritin + iron // low total iron binding

40
Q

diagnostic test haemochromatosis

A

genetic testing + liver biopsy (Perl’s stain)

41
Q

1st line mx haemochromatosis

A

venesection

42
Q

how is treatment of haemochromatosis monitered

A

keep transferrin <50% and ferritin <50

43
Q

2nd line mx haemochromatosis

A

desferrioxamine

44
Q

what can joint xrays show in haemochromatosis

A

chondrocalcinosis

45
Q

inheritence of wilsons + gene

A

autosomal recessive // ATP7B gene

46
Q

onset of wilsons

A

10-15

47
Q

initial presentation of wilsons in kids vs young adults

A

kids = liver // adults = neurological

48
Q

what excess is in wilsons

A

copper

49
Q

what organis are affected in wilsons

A

liver // neuro // cornea // renal tubules

50
Q

what neurological problems are seen in wilsons

A

basal ganglia degeneration –> psych problems // demention // parkinsons

51
Q

what is seen in the eyes in wilsons

A

kayser-fleischer rings: green rings in periphery of iris

52
Q

what hand feature is seen in wilsons

A

blue nails

53
Q

what initial investigations for wilsons

A

slit lamp // reduced serum caeruloplasmin // reduced serum copper // raised urine copper

FINALS - GI (18 decks)

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