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FINALS - GI > gastroenteritis > Flashcards

gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

how are bacterial gastroenteritis diagnosed

A

stool culture

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2
Q

how should viral gastroenteritis be diagnosed

A

stool antigen + PCR

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3
Q

how should sitic gastroenteritis be diagnosed

A

micropsopy +/- deuodenal aspiration

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4
Q

what should all microbiology stool samples get tested for (5)

A

E. coli // shigella // campy // criptosporiidum // C diff (if 15+)

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5
Q

how is norovirus spread

A

faecal oral - airdroplets

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6
Q

norovirus incubation period

A

15-50 hours

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7
Q

symptoms norovirus

A

N+V+D // headache // low fever // myalgia // contacts with similar

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8
Q

diagnosis noravirus

A

stool cultre PCR

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9
Q

presentation rotavirus and who gets it

A

fever // N+V+D // kids

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10
Q

what type of vaccine is rotavirus and when is it given

A

live attenuated // 1st at 2 months and 2nd at 3 months

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11
Q

risk of rotavirus vaccine

A

intussecption if given after 15 or 24 weeks

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12
Q

when should parasitic or protozoal infections be considered in gastroenteritis

A

lasting longer than 7 days

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13
Q

what type of organism causes ameobiasis and how is it spread

A

protozoan // faecal oral route

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14
Q

symptoms of amoebic dysentery

A

profuse bloody diarrhoea

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15
Q

how is amoebic dysentry diagnosed

A

stool microscopy (hot stool)

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16
Q

mx amoebic dysentry or liver abscess

A

metro + diloxanide furoate

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17
Q

what type of organism is cryptosporidosis

A

protozoa (most common protozo in UK)

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18
Q

who usually gets cryptosporidosis

A

kids + immunocompromised

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19
Q

symptoms cryptosporidosis

A

watery diarrhoea // abdo cramp // fever

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20
Q

invx cryptosporidosis

A

stool ziehl neelsen stain +/- duodenal aspirate

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21
Q

mx cryptosporidosis

A

nitazoxanide or rifaximin (if immuno)

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22
Q

what organism causes giardiasis and how is it spread

A

protozoan // faecal oral

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23
Q

RF giardiasis

A

travel // swimmin in a lake // MSM

24
Q

symptoms giardiasis

A

bad smelling steatohhrea // bloating and abdo pain // long inc eg 12 days

25
Q

what malabsorption can giardiasis cause

A

general malapsorption and lactose intolerance

26
Q

invx giardiasis

A

stool microscoy + antigen

27
Q

mx giardiasis

A

metro

28
Q

what bacterial gastroenteritis are notifiable

A

C diff or salmonella

29
Q

causes of acute food poisoning

A

staph A, Bacillus cereus, clostridium pefringens

30
Q

how does staph A gastoenteritis present + what incubation

A

1-6 hours // severe vomiting

31
Q

food for staph A gastoenteritis

A

unrefrigerated meat or cream

32
Q

bacillus cereus gastroenteritis presentation + incubation

A

vomiting within 6 hours or diarrhoea after 6

33
Q

what food causes bacillus cereus

A

reheated rice

34
Q

what gram is bacillus cereus + what abx can occasionally be used

A

gram + rod // vancomycin

35
Q

what conditions to salmonella typhi + paratyphic cause

A

enteric fevers: typhoid + paratyphoid

36
Q

what type of bacteria is salmonella

A

aerobic gram -ive (not commensals)

37
Q

how is typhoid/ salmonella spread + what is the incubation

A

faecal oral - 12-48 hours

38
Q

difference between salmonella food poisoning and typhoid

A

salmonella food posining organism // salmonella typhi –> food poising

39
Q

features salmonella (enteritis)

A

N+V + bloody diarrhoea

40
Q

features typhoid (enteric fever)

A

consitpation > diarrhoea // bradycardia // rose spots on trunk

41
Q

source of salmonella poisoning

A

raw egg or poultry

42
Q

diagnosis typhoid

A

blood culture

43
Q

type of bacteria in campylbacter and incubation and route

A

gram -ive bacillus // 1-6 days // faecal oral

44
Q

symptoms campylobacter

A

prodrome headache // bloody diarrhoea // abdo pain

45
Q

mx campy

A

selflimiting –> clarithromycin –> cipro

46
Q

causes campy

A

BBQ // undercooked poulty // raw milk

47
Q

shigella incubation+ what is special about it

A

1-4 days // shiga toxin

48
Q

symptoms shigella

A

related to toxin // fever, pain, diarrhoea, painful bowel movements

49
Q

features cholera

A

rice water diarrhoea // hypoglycaemia // dehydration

50
Q

mx cholrea + gram

A

ORT // doxycyxline or cipr0 (gram -ive)

51
Q

incubation + gram of E.coli gastoenteritis

A

12-48 hours // gram -ive rod

52
Q

what food causes e.coli

A

beef

53
Q

what strain of e.coli causes HUS

A

shiga toxin ECOLI 0157

54
Q

triad of HUS

A

AKI // haemolytic anaemia // thrombocytopenia (low platlets)

55
Q

invs HUS

A

FBC // U+E // stool culture + PCR

56
Q

mx HUS

A

supportive +/- blood transfusion or dialysis // no abx

FINALS - GI (18 decks)

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