gastroenteritis Flashcards
how are bacterial gastroenteritis diagnosed
stool culture
how should viral gastroenteritis be diagnosed
stool antigen + PCR
how should sitic gastroenteritis be diagnosed
micropsopy +/- deuodenal aspiration
what should all microbiology stool samples get tested for (5)
E. coli // shigella // campy // criptosporiidum // C diff (if 15+)
how is norovirus spread
faecal oral - airdroplets
norovirus incubation period
15-50 hours
symptoms norovirus
N+V+D // headache // low fever // myalgia // contacts with similar
diagnosis noravirus
stool cultre PCR
presentation rotavirus and who gets it
fever // N+V+D // kids
what type of vaccine is rotavirus and when is it given
live attenuated // 1st at 2 months and 2nd at 3 months
risk of rotavirus vaccine
intussecption if given after 15 or 24 weeks
when should parasitic or protozoal infections be considered in gastroenteritis
lasting longer than 7 days
what type of organism causes ameobiasis and how is it spread
protozoan // faecal oral route
symptoms of amoebic dysentery
profuse bloody diarrhoea
how is amoebic dysentry diagnosed
stool microscopy (hot stool)
mx amoebic dysentry or liver abscess
metro + diloxanide furoate
what type of organism is cryptosporidosis
protozoa (most common protozo in UK)
who usually gets cryptosporidosis
kids + immunocompromised
symptoms cryptosporidosis
watery diarrhoea // abdo cramp // fever
invx cryptosporidosis
stool ziehl neelsen stain +/- duodenal aspirate
mx cryptosporidosis
nitazoxanide or rifaximin (if immuno)
what organism causes giardiasis and how is it spread
protozoan // faecal oral
RF giardiasis
travel // swimmin in a lake // MSM
symptoms giardiasis
bad smelling steatohhrea // bloating and abdo pain // long inc eg 12 days
what malabsorption can giardiasis cause
general malapsorption and lactose intolerance
invx giardiasis
stool microscoy + antigen
mx giardiasis
metro
what bacterial gastroenteritis are notifiable
C diff or salmonella
causes of acute food poisoning
staph A, Bacillus cereus, clostridium pefringens
how does staph A gastoenteritis present + what incubation
1-6 hours // severe vomiting
food for staph A gastoenteritis
unrefrigerated meat or cream
bacillus cereus gastroenteritis presentation + incubation
vomiting within 6 hours or diarrhoea after 6
what food causes bacillus cereus
reheated rice
what gram is bacillus cereus + what abx can occasionally be used
gram + rod // vancomycin
what conditions to salmonella typhi + paratyphic cause
enteric fevers: typhoid + paratyphoid
what type of bacteria is salmonella
aerobic gram -ive (not commensals)
how is typhoid/ salmonella spread + what is the incubation
faecal oral - 12-48 hours
difference between salmonella food poisoning and typhoid
salmonella food posining organism // salmonella typhi –> food poising
features salmonella (enteritis)
N+V + bloody diarrhoea
features typhoid (enteric fever)
consitpation > diarrhoea // bradycardia // rose spots on trunk
source of salmonella poisoning
raw egg or poultry
diagnosis typhoid
blood culture
type of bacteria in campylbacter and incubation and route
gram -ive bacillus // 1-6 days // faecal oral
symptoms campylobacter
prodrome headache // bloody diarrhoea // abdo pain
mx campy
selflimiting –> clarithromycin –> cipro
causes campy
BBQ // undercooked poulty // raw milk
shigella incubation+ what is special about it
1-4 days // shiga toxin
symptoms shigella
related to toxin // fever, pain, diarrhoea, painful bowel movements
features cholera
rice water diarrhoea // hypoglycaemia // dehydration
mx cholrea + gram
ORT // doxycyxline or cipr0 (gram -ive)
incubation + gram of E.coli gastoenteritis
12-48 hours // gram -ive rod
what food causes e.coli
beef
what strain of e.coli causes HUS
shiga toxin ECOLI 0157
triad of HUS
AKI // haemolytic anaemia // thrombocytopenia (low platlets)
invs HUS
FBC // U+E // stool culture + PCR
mx HUS
supportive +/- blood transfusion or dialysis // no abx
