Misc

Question 1

What does digoxin do?

Answer 1

Increase contractility and Lower HR
So for CHF, Afib and Aflutter
Its a cardiac glycoside

Question 2

What does Ivabradine do?

Answer 2

Lowers HR by inhibiting Funny channel thus slowing pacemaker potential
Used in stable angina when B blockers and CCBs are contraindicated

Question 3

What does Nicorandil do?

Answer 3

Causes Vasodilation
Used in angina

Question 4

What does Sacubritril do?

Answer 4

Inhibits neprilysin thus increasing action of ANP/BNP to lower Blood Volume
Used in Heart Failure

Question 5

What is sodium nitroprusside used for?

Answer 5

Aortic Dissection
Malignant Hypertension (not accelerated)
Heart Failure

Question 6

Name a Thiazide Type Diuretic and its side effects?

Answer 6

Indapamide
Dizziness/Lightheadedness
Weakness
Stomach upset
Headache
Blurred Vision
Loss of apetite

Question 7

What is isoprenaline?

Answer 7

A B1 agonist used to treat sinus bradycardia acutely

Question 8

What is Atropine?

Answer 8

A an anti-muscarinic used to treat bradycardia, Mobitz1 and 3rd degree AV block

Question 9

Amoxicillin

Answer 9

Amoxicillin:
- B-Lactam
- Pneumonia, URTIs & empirical IE
- Effective: Strep, Haemophilus, enterococci & Moraxella
- Resistant: Klebsiella & Pseudomonas

Question 10

Clarithromycin?

Answer 10

Clarithromycin:
- Macrolide
- Pneumonia & Resp. infections
- Effective: Staph, Strep, Haemophilus, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Bordetella Pertussis

Question 11

Azithromycin?

Answer 11

Azithromycin:
- Macrolide
- Suppressing Bacterial Load in CF & Treating resp. infections as an alt. to 1st line treatment

Question 12

Gentamicin/

Answer 12

Gentamicin:
- Aminoglycoside
- Empirical IE & Some RTI
- Klebsiella, Pseudomonas & Staph

Question 13

Levofloxacin

Answer 13

Levofloxaicn:
- Fluroquinalone
- Alt. to Amoxicillin in penicillin allergic patients
- Most Gram -ve and Gram +ve (Strep, Staph, Pseduomonas, Haemoph, Legionellla, Mycoplasma, Enterococci)

Question 14

Vancomycin

Answer 14

Vancomycin:
- Glycopeptide
- When there are gram +ves ressistant to penicillins
- Or when someone is severely allergic to penicillin (e.g. in endocarditis)

Question 15

Flucloxacillin

Answer 15

Flucloxacillin:
- B-Lactam (but uniquely effective against B-Lactamase producing Gram +ves e.g. Staph Aureus)
- Used in IE, Septicaemia, RTI & Pneumonia when Staph Aureus is suspected but not MRSA.

Question 16

Rifampicin

Answer 16

Rifampicin:
- An Ansamycin (Rifamycin sub-class)
- Used for TB, Leprosy pneumonia and prosthetic valve IE
- Added to pneumonia in specialised ITU care for mycoplasma infections

Question 17

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 17

Ciprofloxacin:
- Fluroquinolone
- Treats gram -ve bacteria e.g. Pseudomonas
- Important for IE, pneumonia, RTI etc
- Used for pseudomonas pneumonia

Question 18

Doxycycline:

Answer 18

Doxycycline:
- Tetracycline
- Can be used in severe pneumonia in penicillin or macrolide allergics
- Also for other resp infections, some otherwise resistant gram +ves e.g. MRSA and in Syphilis if penicillin contraindicated

Question 19

Ceftriaxone

Answer 19

Ceftriaxone:
- 3rd Gen Cephalosporin
- IE
- Useful in severe resp infections or those resistant to macrolides and penicillins such as B-lactamase producing haemophilus.
- Useless against pseudomonas