MIS Test 3 (Chapter 6) Flashcards
What is a client?
Any computer on the network that requests and uses the services provided by the server.
What is a server?
A computer that is specifically optimized to provide software and other resources to other computers on the network.
What is a network interface device?
Each computer on the network contains a network interface device to link the computer to the network; serves as a unique identifier
what is a connection medium?
The connection medium used to link network components (e.g., telephone wire, cable, radio signal)
What is a network operating system (NOS)?
Routes and manages communications on the network and coordinates network resources. May reside on every computer or on a dedicated server.
What is a hub?
Device used to connect network components, sending packets of data to all other connected devices. Least intelligent and expensive.
What is a switch?
Used to filter and forward data to a specified destination on the network. More efficient than hub
What is a router?
A special communications processor used to route packets of data through different networks, ensuring that the data sent gets to the correct address. Smartest and most complicated.
What is client/server computing?
A form of distributed computing that partitions software processes between client and server computers.
What is packet switching?
- Allows millions of users to send chunks of data across the Internet concurrently
- Messages are broken down into small fixed bundles of data called packets
- Based on the concept of turn taking, packets from each user are alternated in the shared network
- Does not require a dedicated circuit
What are protocols?
A set of rules and procedures governing transmission of information between two points in a network
What is a transmission protocol?
Provides a universally agreed-on method for breaking up digital messages into packets, routing them to the proper address, and then reassembling them into coherent messages
What is a local-area network (LAN)?
Designed to connect personal computers and other digital devices within a half-mile
What is a star network?
is configured in the shape of a star with all nodes or workstations connected to a central hub through which all messages pass
What is a bus network?
is configured in the shape of an open-ended line with all nodes or workstations able to receive the same message at the same time
What is a ring network?
is configured in the shape of a circle with each node connecting to the next node. Messages travel around the circle in one direction.
What is a wide-area network (WAN)?
- Span large geographical distances
- Typically used to connect two or more LANs
- Most universal and powerful WAN is the Internet
What is a metropolitan-area network (MAN)?
- A network that spans a metropolitan area, usually a city and its major suburbs
- Typically use a wireless infrastructure as well as high-speed connections using fiber-optic technologies.
What are the benefits and drawbacks of a twisted pair?
- inexpensive; easy to install and reconfigure
- Highly susceptible to EML, eavesdropping, and attenuation; unsuitable for high speeds
What are the benefits and drawbacks of a coaxial?
- higher bandwidth than twisted pair; lower susceptibility to EML, eavesdropping, and attenuation than twisted pair
- more expensive than twisted pair; more difficult to install, reconfigure, and manage attenuation than twisted pair; bulky
What are the benefits and drawbacks of a fiber-optic?
- very high bandwidth; low attenuation and immune to EMI and eavesdropping
- expensive cable and hardware; complex installation and maintenance
What are the advantages and disadvantages of wireless transmission media?
- Most wireless media is susceptible to EMI and eavesdropping
- Costs start out moderate with high frequency radio and terrestrial microwave, and rise sharply with satellite microwave
What is the internet?
- A large worldwide collection of networks that use a common protocol (TCP/IP) to communicate with each other.
- Created in the early 1970s by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) to link scientists and university
What is an IP address?
- Each domain (rowan.edu) is associated with one or more IP addresses, which serves as a destination address
- Any device on a network must have its own unique address
- Format: written as 4 numbers (from 0-255) separated by periods.
- ——-Example: 134.121.0.99
What is a domain system name?
- Provides a service analogous to an address book lookup
- Special DNS servers on the internet are dedicated to performing the translation from a domain name to an IP address and vice versa.
What is IPv6?
- The world will run out of IP addresses using the existing addressing convention by 2012 or 2013
- IPv6 is a new version of the IP addressing schema which uses 128-bit addresses, or more than a quadrillion unique addresses
What is internet2?
- Internet that focuses on:
—-more effective routing practices
—-different levels of service depending on the type and importance of data
—-advanced applications
What is voice over IP (VoIP)?
Uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to deliver voice information in digital form using packet switching
What is a virtual private network (VPN)?
A secure connection between two points across the Internet to transmit corporate data. Provides a low-cost alternative to a private network.
What is the world wide web?
- The most popular Internet service
- A system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a networked environment.
What is hypertext markup language (HTML)?
lets you specify the structure of a document, format text, add graphics, sound, and video, and save it all in a text file that any computer can read.
What is hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)?
the set of standards used by web servers to process user requests for web pages.
What is a web server?
software for locating and managing stored Web pages.
What are wireless sensor networks (WSNs)?
- Networks of interconnected wireless devices that are embedded into the physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces
- Devices contain built-in processing, storage and radio frequency sensors and antennas
- May be used to monitor traffic or building security, or to detect hazardous substances in the air
What is radio frequency identification (RFID)?
- Provide powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain
- Uses tiny tags with embedded microchips to transmit data about an item to a RFID reader that passes data on to network
- RFID tags do not require line of sight
