MIS Flashcards
Japan ageing population?
1 in 8 people is at least 75+
Fertility rate of Japan?
1.44 in 2016
Japanese foreign born population?
Only 2% of Japanese pop is foreign born
Japan immigration policy?
Very closed with low skilled workers
Australia immigration policy?
Slightly more open with migration
Australia increase in permanent migration intake?
85,000 in 1996
208,000 in 2017
Australia foreign born population?
33% of Oz’s population is born overseas
Singapore immigration policy?
Very open to migration
Singapore foreign born population?
43% of Singapore’s population is foreign
Why is the pattern of international migration changing?
- Environmental events
- climate change refugees - Political events
- conflicts and changes in political regimes - Economic
- GFC (2007-8)
+ less towards developed world cities, now more towards megacities in developing countries :)
Backwash?
Flows of investment, resources and people from periphery to core regions
- John Friedmann said this is balanced by trickle down
What has occurred in EU?
A large scale core periphery model
CORE = UK, Germany, Belgium
PERIPHERY = Eastern and Southern Europe
% of population in urban areas in China?
56%
Why do people migrate economically?
Due to uneven distribution of economic opportunity
Trickle Down?
The positive impact on periphery regions due to the creation of wealth in the core
When is economic efficiency maximised?
when there is:
- free trade
- finanancial deregulation
- open borders
BUT POSE BIG ISSUES FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AND IDENTITY
When was Cowperthwaite in Hong Kong?
61-71
- “Laissez-faire” policies - aided HK becoming global hub for financial services ettccccc
Why is movement of labour unrestricted in many places?
To allow efficient allocation of resources
Diaspora?
Scattered population from original homeland
Why is migration been accelerated?
- Eco development > standard of living & money > travelling
- Shrinking world tech
- Political interconnectedness (rise of far right in Europe = move away from this??)
What is ethnicity?
Cultural heritage shared by a group of people that sets them apart from others
e.g. racial ancestry, language, religion, forms of dress
What has migration done?
Changed the ethnic and cultural composition of states!
Assimilation?
The process by which a minority group/culture comes to resemble those of a dominant culture
- renounce parts of ur identity
- you must change for your host country
Integration?
A dynamic and structural process in which all members participate to achieve and maintain peaceful social relations
- double engagement
- co-existance
Multiculturalism?
The existence of multiple cultural traditions
Why do some people choose not to assimilate?
- Dietary differences (Jews: Kosher)
- Language differences
- Religious differences
= SEGREGATION ! !!! !! !!! !!!!! :((
Where has most of Syrian refugees gone?
- Turkey
- Lebanon
- Jordan
Med migration deaths?
One in 18 people die crossing the med! :(
When did Germany open borders?
2015
Why can migration cause political tensions?
Due to the varied economic, social, cultural and demographic impacts of migration
eco:
- yay brings more money to economy
- nooo, they don’t pay tax and just goes back in remittances
social:
- yay we get skills from lots of different people from all around the world
- nooo, too reliant on things like healthcare and education
cultural:
- yay diversity and new cultures
- nooo, cultural change and erosion
demographic:
- yay fertility rate and stopping ageinig population
- nooo they are making us too young and widening the dependency ratio
Example of migrants causing political tensions?
- Brexit!
52% leave
48% remain - USA, Trump’s wall
45% of Americans supported it
55% of Americans against it
Positives of migrants:
+ vital part of usa economy
+ stop ageing population
Negatives of migrants:
- high unemployment
- change ethnic composition
- change usa culture and dynamics
Migration hotspot?
London 32% of migrants going to England went to London in 2014 - eco opps - cultural & ethnic diversity - social and recreational activities
Blackpool average age?
43 yrs
Oldest population of any UK city
blackpool = up north mate!!!!!
Coastal places for retirement?
64% of 65+ went to coastal areas for retirement
German immigrant population?
15%
Foreign born pop of UK?
12.7
Cost of migrants?
£17bn in 2014 in UK!
Babies born to migrant mother?
27% of babies in England in 2015, born to migrant mother
Examples of barriers to migration?
Fence between Hungary, Serbia and Croatia
Fence between Bulgaria and Turkey
What affects the ability of migration?
- Income
- Skill
- Presence/absence of border controls
Right wing parties in Europe?
- Victor Orban - Hungary - Fidesz
- Santiago Abascal - Spain - Vox
- AFD- Germany
Nation?
A group of people who are bound together into a single body through history, customs, traditions and language
- may lack full sovereignty
- a politico-cultural identity
e.g. Wales
State?
An independant sovereign government
- a politico-judicial identity
e.g. UK
Dependent territory?
A territory that doesn’t posses full political independence or sovereignty
e.g. Greenland > Denmark
Sovereignty?
The ability of a place and people to self govern and self control
MANY BREXITEERS THINK UK LOST SOVEREIGNTY WHEN JOINED EU IN 1973, BREXIT = GAIN BACK SOVEREIGNTY
When did UK join EU?
1973
Nation state?
A sovereign state of which most citizens are united by factors that define a nation e.g. language, common descent etc…
- unachievable idea: homogenous pop with few ethnic minorities and little immigration
Why do national sovereign states vary greatly in their cultural, ethnic and linguistic unity?
- From their history of population growth
- From their isolation
- From their immigration
Unity: Iceland VS Singapore?
ICELAND;
- physical isolation and harshness of the landscape: homogeneity due to little immigration
- 16% of population is foreign born
SINGAPORE:
- 43% of population is foreign born
- Malay, Chinese, Indian and European influences
- 19th century = became a ‘free port’ = encouraged migration
- Asian Tiger
What are national borders the result of?
- Physical geography
- mountain ranges and rivers = national barriers
- long settled ethnic groups formed a connection with their land
e. g. Europe = borders formed organically - with its geographical map linking with its cultural and linguistic map - Historical development
- Colonial history
- e.g. Africa: national borders correspond awfully with the cultural and ethnic groups
- DUE TO Scramble for Africa = 1880’s to 1910’s - european powers conquered the continent and split up Africa to themselves e.g. Sudan and Egypt barrier, simply a straight line by UK!!!!
- arbitrary borders
- simply concerned with dividing up raw materials and water resources
- multiple ethnic groups living in nations: conflict: Rwandan genocide (H killing T)
- ‘transnational identity’
Quote about European Scramble for Africa
"It was like the Europeans were cutting up a cake" Frederik Yamusangie (DRC writer)
