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Human Geog > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

% of UK’s population as foreign born in 2011?

A

12.7%

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2
Q

White British fall from 2001-2011?

A

87% to 82%

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3
Q

Global Production Network?

A

A chain of connected suppliers, of parts and matierals, that contribute to the manufactering or assembly of the consumer good

  • BMW = 2500 different suppliers for Mini Car
  • Windscreen = Belgium
  • Engine = Brazil
  • Exhaust system = UK
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4
Q

Outsourcing?

A

External delegation of one or more business processes to an external provider who administers, managers and owns the selected process to an agreed standard

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5
Q

Why does outsourcing bring risks?

A
  1. Natural hazards = 2011 = disrupt global supply chain
  2. Scandals = 2013 horsemeat scandal = many international companies supplied meat to many European supermarkets e.g. Frigilunch, Belgium > Birds Eye
  3. Rana Plaza factory disaster collapse - Bangladesh
    + 1100 killed
    + Bonmarche, Primark, Matalan all outsourced here…
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6
Q

Outsourcing example?

A

Apple (California > China)

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7
Q

What is glocalisation?

A

Changing design of products to meet local tastes/laws

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8
Q

Why does glocalisation exist?

A

Variations in:

  1. People’s tastes = Cadbury chocolate = sweeter
  2. Religion/culture = Dominos’ only offer veggie food in India’s Hindu neighbourhoods
  3. Lack of avalibility of raw matierals = SABMillar uses cassava to brew beer in Africa
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9
Q

Examples of glocalisation?

A
  1. MCDONALDS = notorious
    - Japan = ebi shrimp
    - Israel = only kosher meat
    - veggie restaurant, Sikh pilgirims, Amritsar
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10
Q

Why do some companies not glocalise?

A

To keep an authentic brand

e.g. Lego, Apple

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11
Q

Switched On?

A

Nations, regions, cities that are strongly connected to others by the production and consumption of goods and services

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12
Q

Who wants to be more switched on?

A

CHINA
OBOR = global strategy to link up Eurasia

SAUDI ARABIA
VISION 2030 = reduce dependency on oil, diversify economy, improve public service

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13
Q

Why are some places switched off?

A
  1. Highly vulnerable to natural hazards e.g. Japan (move of it’s manuf of Nissan and Toyota = UK)
  2. Poor resources for agriculture e.g. Eritrea = only 12% of total land is good for farming
  3. Lack of skills and literacy e.g. Niger = 19%
  4. Politically isolated e.g. NK
  5. Ethnic conflict e.g. Saudi = Sunni & Iran = Shia
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14
Q

When was height of global shift?

A

1970’s

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15
Q

Types of industrty?

A
  1. Primary
    - extractive industries .e.g mining
    - 12% of UK GDP
  2. Secondary
    - manuf/ assembly
  3. Tertiary
    - services and goods provision
    - 80% of UK GDP!!!
    - London = hub for UK financial services
  4. Quaternary
    - research and development expertise
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16
Q

Emerging Asia?

A

Japan:
+ 1950’s

South Korea:
+ foreign investors started working with chaebols

China:
+ 1978: rlly attracted foreign investors to inject FDI

17
Q

Positives of globalisation/global shift?

A
  1. Poverty reduction and waged work
    - since 1990, 500 mil escaped pov in China alone
    - created new global middle class
    - asia middle class = 2015 = 46%
    - asia middle class = 2030 = 65%
    - China = 2012 = 31% of pop is middle class
  2. Education and training
    - China awarded 10,000 PHDS in 2012
    - China = C9 league, China’s ‘Ivy League’
    - people at uni in china: 1998 = 1 mil - 2007 = 5.4 mil
  3. Investment in infrastructure
    - total of China’s airports = around 230
    - connecting up cities and provinces
    - encouraging rural-urban migration and jobs etc good good gooooood
18
Q

Negatives of globalisation/global shift?

A
  1. Pollution
  2. Increase in unplanned settlements
    - too much rural-urban mig (using Hukou to control dis) = unplanned settlements
  3. Environmental degredation
    - desertification expanding at rate of 67km2 annually!
19
Q

What is outsourced to India?

A

Call centres

  • speak English
  • good wages
  • broadband capacity high in Bengaluru
20
Q

Extreme poverty in China reduction?

A 
1990 = 60%
2005 = 16%
21
Q

What is a sweatshop?

A

A factory/workshop where manual worker are employed at very low wages for long hours and poor conditions

  • LOW
  • LONG
  • POOR

e.g. Nike only pay workers $0.2 an hour!

22
Q

What is OBOR?

A

A development strategy involved in infrastructure development & infrastructure

23
Q

What does Chinese gov see OBOR as?

A

An initiative to “enhance regional connectivity”

24
Q

What does world see OBOR as?

A

A push for Chinese dominance in global affairs with a Chinese centered trade network

25
Q

How many countries does OBOR say to link?

A

152 countries!

26
Q

What is the focus of OBOR?

A
  • infrastructure investment
  • education
  • railway and highway
  • automobile
  • real estate
27
Q

How many countries has China acc signed cooperation document on OBOR?

A

126 countries

28
Q

China’s neocolonialism? (or ‘dept-trap diplomacy’)

A

Constructed the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway
Yiwi-London Railway line
99 year debt relief on Hambantota port, Sri Lanka

29
Q

What did Russia and China call themselves?

A

“Good friends”

30
Q

What did Malaysian President say about China?

A

“There is a new version of colonialism happening”

Malaysian Prime Minsiter Mahathir Bin Mohammed

31
Q

Negatives of globalisation in general?

A
  • inequality

- economically dominated world with little care for environment or social problems

32
Q

Conflict due to economic globalisation demand?

A

Playstation Wars, DRC, 1990’s-2000’s

  • demand for coltan: mobiles, tvs, electronics
  • 80% of coltan is held in DRC

Human Geog (4 decks)

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