Minor types of extrusive volcanic activity Flashcards
What are springs?
places where groundwater emerges at the surface
How is a hot spring created?
if the groundwater source of a spring flows close to an area of recent volcanic activity the water is heated
How does the temperature of hot springs vary?
from 20 degrees celsius to over 90 degrees celsius
Why do hot springs often have a high mineral content
hot water can hold a lot of dissolved solids
Where can hot springs be found and give examples
all over the world, Rio Hondo (Argentina), Bath
Whats another type of a hot spring?
boiling mud pool
Where are boiling mud pools found?
areas with very fine-grained soil (e.g. rich in clay or volcanic ash)
How is boiling mud formed?
if hot spring water mixes with surface deposits
Why does the pool sometimes contain brightly coloured mud?
minerals deposited by the hot water (e.g. sulphur and iron can created purple or yellow)
Where can boiling mud pools be found and give examples?
all over the world, Yellowstone national park (USA) and Iceland
What are solfatara?
small volcanic areas without cones
How are solfatara produced?
by gases (mainly sulphurous) escaping to the surface
Where is an example of a solfatara?
around the Bay of Naples (Italy)
When do geysers occur?
when hot springs and steam explode onto the surface
Where do geysers form?
in areas of intense volcanic activity
