Minor Ailments Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 stages of change

A

pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination

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2
Q

what drug interaction mechanism does st johns wort have

A

3a4 and pgp inducer

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3
Q

for patients experiencing a first episode of depression, how long should they stay on antidepressant once “cured”

A

6-9 months

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4
Q

what stage of quitting smoking do you chose a quit date

A

preparation- this is ideally within next 2 weeks

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5
Q

3s for nicotine withdrawal

A

3 minutes to get over a craving, 3 days physical dependence, 3 weeks psych???

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6
Q

red flags for headache

A

fever, change in mental status or consciousness, change in vision, first headache or worst ever, one sided weakness, stiff nech

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7
Q

differences between tension and migraine HA

A

tension has no N/V, may have photo or phono but not both. Bilateral pain, non pulsating, not agravated by exercise. Migraine must have one of N and or V, OR photo and phono, may or may not have aura. Usually unilateral, throbbing or pulsating, aggravated by activity.

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8
Q

how many days per month should analgesics be used to prevent medication overuse headaches

A

less than 15 for analgesics and less than 10 for opioids

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9
Q

how long should a med for migraine proph be trialed to assess efficacy

A

2 months

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10
Q

fever as defined in CTMA

A

over and including 37.8

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11
Q

how to respond to a parent worried abut their child’s fever

A

its a sign of illness, not a disease. The reason for fever should be determined- its an important monitoring parameter telling us something else may be going on. Antipyretics don’t cure anything, just make them more comfortable

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12
Q

when to refer with fever

A

under 6 months, over 40.5, associated with stiff neck or seizure, child appears very ill and is inconsolable, rash also present, confusion or delerium, fever persists for more than 24 hours after trying therapy and no obvious cause, or more than 72 hours despite therapy

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13
Q

route of choice to measure temp in those over 5

A

mouth, then ear or armpit

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14
Q

how many times should fever be reasonably taken per day

A

2-4times

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15
Q

what is a stye (hordeolum)

A

infection of sebaceous gland of eyelid

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16
Q

how to treat stye

A

non pharm- don’t touch, wash hands after contact, change towels, don’t let eye drop bottles touch, warm compress 10-15minutes per day. Refer if no drainage in 48 hours- they might do it and give topical ABX to prevent infection

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17
Q

distinguish viral vs bact vs allergic eye sx

A

only allergic itches, all red, viral is profuse discharge more thin and watery, bacterial is moderate mucopurulant or purulent, allergic is more mucoid

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18
Q

is acute bacaterial conunctivitis self limiting

A

yes usually resolves in 2 weeks- treatment decreases person to person spread, more seriosu compl, and disease length.

19
Q

treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

polymixin/gramicidin eye drops 4-6x/day for 7-10 days . Continue treatment 2 days after sx resolved. If no improvement in 48 hours, doc. If want rx- many ABX prescribed.

20
Q

what are antihistamine eyedrops good for

A

to stop itching, won’t take away redness

21
Q

what are decongestant eyedrops good for

A

can cause rebound ocular congestion- they decrease redness

22
Q

how to adjust the ear for drops based on age

A

over three- up and back (taller), three and under down and back

23
Q

what is the age cut off for who nasal steroids are safe in

24
Q

decongestant cut off for age

A

over six-below this, use saline drops or spray before eating and sleeping

25
what should be avoided in pregnancy to treat allergic or cold sx
decongestants in the first trimester (oral) avoid- topical at any time
26
shortest available needles for diabetes
5 mm
27
range of gauge size- what is smallest?
larger numbers are smallest diameter. 28-32 is range
28
when to refer constipation
under 2yo, persistent abdominal pain, vomitting, diarrhea alternating with const, unexplained weight loss, blood in stool, fever
29
how much fibre should kids have
their age plus 5g
30
how much fibre should adults have
25-38g daily for const prev- getting 10g should be sufficient
31
how to take bulk forming laxatives and why
with at least 250mL water or juice to prevent fecal impaction or esophageal obstruction. Don't take within 2 hours of other meds as it can decrease their abs. Start low and increase dose for improved tolerability. 2-3 months for max effect
32
positive about PEG vs other osmotic laxatives
less flatulance and bloating and may even be more effective vs others
33
which population should not use MOM for const
renal dysfx
34
can lactulose be used by diabetics?
yes- not absorbed systemically
35
what can be used in infants for constipation (under 1)
glycerin supp, corn syrup, lactulose, sorbitol
36
what can be used by kids over 1 for constipation
PEG, lactulose, sorbitol are first line. Senna and bisacodyl can be used only if others failed as rescue.
37
constipation in pregnancy
first line increase fibre, lactulose, PEG. Stimulant lax are only for short term when others failed
38
when to see a doc in constipation
no BM in 7 days, red flags, very uncomfortable
39
what might indicate infective diarrhea? what should you do
abdominal pain, HA, fever, chills, NV- refer and ORT
40
how to treat diarrhea
loperamide (mod-sev), bismuth (mild-mod), psyllium or attapulgite (mild)- all with ORT. If try and no improvement in 48 hours, try loperamide if hasn't been tried yet. No resolvement after 24 hours loperamide therapy? refer
41
diarrhea in preg
bulk agents first, reserve loperamide for severe
42
rx to treat travellors diarrhea
FQ or azith
43
prevention of travelers diarrhea
loperamide not recommended, can use bismuth subsal