Minimum questions Flashcards
- Definition of animals suspected of bein infected with anthrax
in contact within 20 days to an animal that died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax, before the confirmation
ate the same feed and water as an confirmed, diseased or suspicious animal
grazed on a pasture infected with anthrax without vaccination (min 2 weeks and max 6 months before)
- Definition of animals diseased with anthrax
Typical clinical signs
characteristic lesions in the organs
laboratory findings
- Official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax
Separation of:
- diseased animals and those suspected of being diseases
- animals suspected of bein infected
- other susceptible animals
Diseased and suspected diseased animals
- immediate obligatory treatment
- change of feedstuffs, drinking water, no grazing
- Official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax
vaccination, 14 days observation period
- cattle + horse: taking te temperature regularly
- sheep + gat + pig: daily observation
- in case of fever or clinical signs: treatment
- rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion
- 1 gr of tissue taken from a vesicle or freshly erupted vesicle
- epithelium samples are placed in a transport medium wit 7.2-7.4 in pH
- sample kept at 4 degrees
- Probang cup is needed for taking oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid
Where vesicle sampling is not possible, saliva, blood and/or
oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid samples may be taken by probang cup in ruminants or
throat swab in swine.
Myocardial tissue or blood can also be submitted from fatal cases,
although vesicles are preferable if present.
Samples from suspected cases must be
transported to authorised laboratories according to international regulations.
- Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD
- trade of vaccinated animals is prohibited
- vaccinated animals from tested herds may be moved within member state
- system of traceability excludes them from community trade
Emergency vaccination
- classification of herds
- animals are clearly identified and registered, must not be moved
- specific measures in the vaccination zone on movement of other products and animals
- clinical and serological survey
Protective vaccination
- regionalization of the vaccination zone
- second surveillance zone: 10km
Suppressive vaccination
- immediate stamping out strategy
- ensure minimum spread of the virus during disposal of infected animals
carried out only within the protection zone and on clearly identified holdings
- Rules of recovery of FMD disease free status if no vaccination has been used
The control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones have been effective and may be lifted and
at least 3 months have elapsed after the last recorded outbreak
- Definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd
no clinical signs - for min 12 months
no vaccination - for min 3 years
all animals over 12 months: two serological tests on 6-12 months interval
animals introduced are from officially free herds or are tested within 30 days
regular testing (every year)
general masures
- isolation of the holding
- record of comp. laboratory examinaitons
- separate calving
- control of movement of visitiors, vehicles, control of dogs and cats of the holding
- definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test:
Positive reaction:
if clinical signs are observed or there is an increase of 4 mm or more in the thickness of the fold of skin at the injection site.
- definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test
Negative reaction:
if only limited swelling is observed, with an increase of not more than 2 mm in the thickness of the fold of skin without clinical signs such as diffuse or extensive oedema, exudation, necrosis, pain or inflammation of the lymphatic ducts in that region or of the lymph nodes.
11.definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test
positive:
a positive bovine reaction which is more than 4 mm greater than the avian reaction, or the presence of clinical signs;
12.definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test
Negative:
a negative bovine reaction, or a positive or inconclusive bovine reaction but which is equal to or less than a positive or inconclusive avian reaction and the absence of clinical signs in both cases.
13.definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd
o No clinical signs (min 12 months)
o All animals over 6 weeks: two official intradermal tuberculin tests
o 1st: 6 months after the removal of infected animals,
2nd: 6-12 months months later;
o Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested (within 30 days)
all
meat inspection has required and requires compulsory investigation of any lesions;
AND
(e) yearly or two-yearly tuberculin testing is carried out on all animals aged over 12
months
o General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)
14.definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd
There is no evidence of the disease in the herd (clinical signs or lab tests), and here has not been any confirmations in the previous 24 months
All animals older than 24 months have tested negative in at least two times in the last 12 months, taken 4 months apart
If new animals where taken into the herd
- They came from an officially free herd
- Or came from a establishment where it has not been detected in the last 24 months: Animals older than 24 months had 2 negative tests with 4 months apart while they were in isolation Or negative serological test, taken 30 days before their introduction
, Animals younger than 24 months all have mothers that had 2 negative serological test, taken in the last 12 months with atleast 4 months apart
- All germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the establishment from establishments free from EBL or from an approved germinal product establishment
16.maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd
In order to maintain IBR-virus free status in an unvaccinated bovine herd: (a) all general
requirements for an IBR-virus free herd must continue to be met; (b) serologically
negative results must be obtained from blood, milk or meat juice samples taken annually
from all animals over 24 months of age (bulk milk samples must be taken on at least 3
occasions at intervals of not less than 3 months); AND (c) all animals introduced to the
herd may only come from officially IBR-free herds and must have tested negative in two
serological tests at an interval of 21 days.
In order to maintain IBR-virus free status in a vaccinated herd
all animals over 6 months of age : tested in every 12 months
animals for slaughter: test before transport for slaughter
dairy herd: milk test in every 6 months
aborted animals: test 3-6 weeks after abortion
only animals originating from free herds are introduced
(test: 2x, 21 days interval)
- Definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd
- in the last 12 months no confirmed cases of IBR/IPV in the bovine animals in the holding
- in the past 2 years no bovines have been vaccinated
- in the last 12 months all serological tests from blood, milk or meat juice has been negative OR serologically
negative results have been obtained from pooled blood, milk or meat juice samples taken
on at least two occasions (with an interval of 2-12 months) from (i) all female bovines
over 12 months of age (sampled on at least 3 occasions at intervals of not less than 3
months); (ii) all male bovines used for/intended for breeding over 12 months of age AND
(iii) a random sample of male animals not intended for breeding over 12 months of age; - all bovine animals introduced are free and have tested negative in a serological test OR have been quarantined prior to the introduction and tested negative in a serological test AND all germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the establishment originate from establishments fee from IBR/IPV or from and approved germinal product establishment
- definition of specified risk material in bovine animals
- the skull (excluding the mandible, but inculding the brain and eyes)
and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months
the vertebral column (exluding the vertebrae of the tail, the transverse processes of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum, but including the dorsal root of the ganglia)
spinal cord of animal over 30 months
the tonsiils, the last 4 meters of te small intestine, the caecum and the mesentery of all animals of any age
- definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals
the skull (including the brain and eyes)
the tonsils and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months OR animals in which a permanent incisor has erupted through the gum
AND the spleen and ileum of all animals of any age
19.Definition of cohort in case of confirmation of BSE
defined as the group of bovine animals either born in the same herd as the affected animal
AND born within the 12 months preceding or following the birth of the affected animal
OR reared together with the affected animal at any time during the first year of their lives, such that they may have consumed the same feed as that which the affected animal consumed during the first year of tis life
- official measures in case of confirmation of African swine fever on a holding
all the pigs in the holding are to be killed and their carcasses processed
all contaminated material (meat, semen, ova) or waste must be destroyed, processed or treated
cleaning and disinfection of all premises, vehicles and equipment must be performed under official supervision
meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision
a protection zone (first restricted zone) is to be set up with a radius of atleast 3 km around the holding for at least 15 days and this restriction may only be lifted following a serological survey
a surveillance zone (second restricted zone) must be set up with a radius of atleast 10km around the holding for atleast 30 days and this restriction may also only be lifted following a serological survey
census of all holdings in the restricted zones is to be performed
a ban is to be imposed on the movement and transport of pigs in the restricted zones
products, persons and vehicles in the restricted zones are to be subject to movement restrictions
no market or fairs are to be permitted
and all holdings must undergo a campaign of strict cleaning, disinfection adn disinsectisation
in the case of holdings where the occurence of disease has been linked to vectors, restocking skall not take place for at least 6 years, unless
specific operations to eliminate the vector from the premises and places where the pigs are to be kept or can come into contact with the vector have been successfully carried out under official supervision
OR it has been possible to show that the persistence of the vector no longer represents a significant risk of african swine fever being transmitted
- Official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on a holding
all the pigs on the holding are to be killed and their carcasses rendered
any material (meat, semen, ova) or waste likely to be contaminated is to be destroyed, rendered or processed
the holding is to be cleaned and disinfected under official superviision
meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision
an epidemiological enquiry is to be performed
a protection zone is to be set up with a radius of at least 3 km around the holding
a surveillance zone must be set up with a radius of atleast 10km aroudn the holding
a census of all holdings in the two restricted zones is to be performed
a ban is to be imposed on the movement and transport of pigs in the restricted zones
all holding in the restricted zones must undergo a campaign of strict cleaning and disinfection
AND the removal of pigs from a holding in the restricted zones is to be subjected to authorisation only by the veterinary authority
the measures in the restricted zones shall continue until cleaning and disinfection in the infected holding has been carried out and all pigs on all holdings have undergone clinical and laboratory examinations to detect the possible presence of CSF virus: following completion of the preliminary cleaning and disinfection measures on the infected holding, 15 days must elapse before such testing may occur in the protection zone and 30 days must elapse before such testing may occur in the surveillance zone
- official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever in feral pigs
determination of the infected area
official surveillance on pig holdings in the area
official census of all pigs in the area
isolation of domestic pigs from feral pigs (double fencing)
contorl of movement of pigs on and off holdings by the veterinary authority
creating of a written plan to eradicate the disease in the infected area
collection of information on the geographical distribution of the disease and the number of feral pigs in and around the infected area
and instigation of an information campaign to increase hunter awareness of official control measures and provide guidance on the method of removal of feral pigs found dead or shot
- Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever
use of preventative CSF vaccination is prohibited in the EU.
In case of confirmation of CSF, the member state concerned may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the commision for both farm pigs and feral pigs, making use of marker vaccines only (vaccines able to elicit a protective immunity analytically distinguishable from the immune response elicited by the natural infection with the wild type virus
- Definition of Aujeszky disease infection free from swine herd
there have been no infection for 2 years
isolation, movement control, laboratory examination and record-keeping standards are sufficient
none of the pigs have been vaccinated against aujeszky disease for 12 months
all breeding sows and boars and a representative sample of fattening pigs have been tested negative for aujeszky disease
AND all insemiantion or anturally breeding is undertaken using aujeszky-negative semen/boars
- definition of animals diseased of equine infectious anemia
displaying typical clinical signs or non-typical signs, but demonstrably carrying the virus and/or testing positive serologically on two occasions at an interval of 21 days
OR those demonstrated by pathology or histopathology to be diseased
- Definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious anemia
animals suspected of being contaminated with EIA are all those animals kept with diseased or suspected of being diseased animals within a 90 day period prior to the confirmation of the disease OR those animals showing no clinical signs, but testing positive serologically on one occasion or testing inconclusive serologically on two occasions at an interval of 21 days|
evaluation of opthalmic test in case of glanders
(less reliable than the intradermo-palpebral test) involves instillation of 0.2ml of mallein onto the conjunctiva at the canthus of the eye after 24 hours rest
in an infected/positive animals, the eyelids, and sometimes the side of the face, become swollen and there may be a purulent discharge from the eye
if only a mucoid discharge is seen without swelling the test is deemed inconclusive. The reaction may also occur to a lesser extent in the opposite eye
- official control measures in case of confirmation of African horse sickness outbreak
all infected horses are to be killed and their carcasses disposed of along with any other animal waste
the public is to be informed about all official restrictions and an epizootiological enquiry is to be launched taking into account relevant geographical and climatic condition
the holding is t be strictly cleaned and disinfected
official surveillance and obligatory vaccination along with laboratory examination of all dogs and killing of any diseased dogs is to be undertaken in a 20km radius around the holding
a protection zone is to be set up with a radius of atleast 100km around the holding for a minimum of 12 months
a surveillance zone must be set up with a radius of atleast a further 50km around the protection zone, again for a minimum of 12 months
a surveillance zone, again for a minimum of 12 months, and vaccination is to be strictly prohibited in this zone
all holdings in the restricted zones must undergo a campaign of disinsectisation
the competent veterinary authority is to visit all holdings keeping equids and all equids are to be sampled
AND movement of horses is to be strictly prohibited in the restricted zones except for the purpose of emergency slaughter
- definition of potentially rabid animal
a potentially rabid animal is any animal that shows the symptoms of the disease
OR and animal that is symptomless but has been bitten by a rabid or potentially rabid animal
OR a wild mammal which behaves strangely or attacks humans
- Definition of potentially rabies-infected animal
any animal that has or may have been in contact with a rabid or potentially rabid animal within the last 90 days
- definition of rabies risky animal
A rabies risky animal is any mammal that has attacked or bitten humans
OR
any dog that
has not received an anti-rabies vaccination in accordance with EU regulations.
- official measures with potentially rabid animals
potentially rabid domestic animals or suspected animals kept in captivity shall be killed
OR, upon the animal keepers request, put under official monitoring for 90 days if the conditions of such monitoring can be ensured without any problems
animals showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected daily, whilst animals not showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected weekly
potentially rabid stray or wild animals shall be killed, and the official veterinarian informed without delay
- official measures with potentially rabies- infected animals
shall be put under official monitoring for 90 days
potentially rabies-infected carnivores shall be monitored, with inspection once every three weeks wither in isolation at the place of their keeping OR if their safe separation/isolation is not possible, in isolation at an official location.
Potentially rabies infected non-carnivorous animals shall be inspected once every three weeks and during the monitoring period the animals shall preferably be tied and separated to avoid their contact with humans or other animals
- Official measures with rabies risky animals
they shall be put under official monitoring for 14 days and, unless they already have it, shall be marked with an electronic transponder (a microchip implanted under the skin) at the owners cost. at the end of the monitoring period, it is necessary for dogs to immediately recieve the anti-rabies vaccination if they currently do not have a valid anti-rabies vaccination.
Carnivores shall be monitored on the keepers site
OR failing that on any other site suitable for the purpose of preventing contact with humans or other animals
animals showing any clinical symptoms shall be inspected daily until they are fully recovered, whilst animals not showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected weekly.
Rabies risky non-carnivorous animals shall be monitored in isolation at the place of their usual keeping.
it is prohibited to slaughter, treat or attempt to treat any rabies risky animals
- rules of preventive vaccination of dogs against rabies
animal keepers shall arrange, at their own cost, for the vaccination of all dogs, above 3 months of age by a private veterinarian responsible for supervising their animals health
the first anti-rabies vaccination shall be given to a dog within 30 days of reaching 3 months of age
the second within 6 months of the first vaccination and then a booster vaccination is to be administered every year afterward
- public health measures in case of rabies
the official veterinarian shall notify the competent regional medical authority is he/she confirms a case of rabies. potentially rabid or potentially rabies-infected animal has bitten or attacked any person.
Upon detection of any wound caused by a dog, cat or wild animal, the physician caring for the wound shall immediately notify in writing the competent official veterinary authority with the information available about the circumstances of the case, particularly including the name and home address of the animal keeper
based on such notification, the official veterinarian shall take all reasonable and necessary measures without delay to contain any outbreaks
the autopsy of any rabid or potentially rabid animals, or the removal of its head for diagnostic purposes, may be performed only in protective clothing to exclude the risk of zoonotic infection
- official measures in the case of confirmation of newcastle disease on a holding
all the poultry on the holdings are to be killed on the spot and the carcasses and eggs destroyed
any substance or waste liable to be contaminated is to be destroyed or treated
the meat of poultry slaughtered during the presumed incubation period is to be traced and destroyed
hatching eggs laid during the presumed incubation period are to be traced and destroyed (poultry which hatch from such eggs are to be placed under official surveillance)
thorough cleaning and disinfection of the holding is to be performed and reintroduction of birds is not to occur until at least 21 days after the end of the disinfection
a protection zone is to be set up with a radius of atleast 3 km around the holding
a surveillance zone must be set up with a radius of atleast 10km around the holding
stand-still measures and controlled movements of poultry are to be maintained in the protection zone for at least 21 days and in the surveillance zone for atleast 30 days, and sampling of all poultry holdings is to take place in both zones before the lifting of restrictions
strict disinfection is to involve bot preliminary and final cleaning and disinfection steps
both prophylactic and emergency vaccinations are permitted
- official measures in case of confirmation of newcastle disease in pigeons
in carrier pigeons or birds kept in captivity either the control and eradication measures applicable to poultry may be applied or at the very least a ban may be placed on movement of the pigeons or birds in captivity for atleast 60 days.
an epizootiological enquiry is to be instigated and any matter/waste likely to be contaminated is to be destroyed or treated
- rules of lifting the restrictions ordered in case of scabies
the lifting of restrictions associated with a scabies outbreak requires the following observation periods
for sheep with <2cm wool, 42 days after dipping
for sheep with >2 cm wool, 70 days after two dippings
OR 42 days after any other means of treatment
for other species, 42 days after two treatment
official control measures with rabbit flocks diseased with viral heamorrhagic disease
all movement of animlas restricted, slaughter of the rabbits prohibited and all rabbits in the flock must be killed (carcasses are to be disposed of properly)
in case of valuable flocks, killing of only diseased animals and vaccination of healthy animals may be permitted, as long as movement restrictions and vaccinations are continued for the next 6 months.
rabbits, products and anything liable to transmit the contamination must all have movement restrictions and within the protection zone authorization may be given by the veterinary authority for the transportation of healthy animals to the slaughterhouse.
vaccination and movement restrictions are to be mandatory in the surrounding surveillance zone
