Minimals:Thermodynamics Flashcards
What is a closed system in thermodynamics?
A system is closed if it can exchange heat but not matter with its environment
What is an isolated system in thermodynamics?
A system is isolated if it doesn’t exchange either heat or matter
What is an adiabatic transition?
The transition where no exchange of hear occurs
Define heat and give its unit
Heat is energy transferred from one body to another due to difference in their temperatures. The unit of heat is joule.
What kind of quantities are called extensive?
A physical parameter which depends on the size of the system. Such a parameter is additive. It’s values are added for different parts of a system
What kind of quantities are called intensive
Physical parameters whose value does not depend on the size of the system. They are not additive. They tend towards spatial equilibrium.
Define what internal energy is
The total energy related to the structure and internal properties of an object arising fork the random motion and forced acting between atoms and molecules of the system is called internal energy
What is the entropy of a chemically pure, solid crystal at absolute zero temperature?
S=0
Is chemical potential an extensive or an intensive quantity?
Intensive quantity
Two bodies are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Can exchange of energy occur between them?
Yes. But the average amount of energy transmitted by the bodies to each other is equal.
Is a living organism an isolated, closed, or open thermodynamic system?
Open
Is the second law of thermodynamic valid for a living system, and how can it be applied
Yes. But it can be applied only if the living system and the surrounding environment together are treated as an isolated system
What is a mixture in thermodynamic equilibrium?
If the chemical potential of all of its components is the same at each point of the system
What is the definition of chemical potential?
Chemical potential of a substance is the Gibbs free energy of one mile of the given substances. I. E. The chemical potential of a substance given by how much the Gibbs free energy of a thermodynamic system increases when one mile of the given substance is added to the system (at constant temperature and pressure)
Define thermodynamic probability
Thermodynamic probability of a macrostate is the number of microstates associated with the macrostates
