mini test 1 main terms

Question 1

van hoff factor

Answer 1

(i) in the osmotic pressure equation
accounts for the molecule’s dissociation, as if they didn’t dissociate

Question 2

dissociation

Answer 2

when the ions of an electron separate into their own positive and negatively charged ions

Question 3

electrolyte

Answer 3

a molecule that conducts electricity

Question 4

gas solubility

Answer 4

how well a gas dissolves into the solvent to form a solution at a certain temperature

this idea sparked Henry’s law

• decreases with temp- kinetic energy increases as temperature increases and can’t stay as dissolved
• directly proportional to pressure
• smaller molecules= higher solubility
• stronger IMF mean greater gas solubility because the molecules are more attracted to eachother and will dissolve better
• increase temp=decreases IMF=decrease gas solubility

Question 5

Henrys Law

Answer 5

concentrationof a sparingly soluble gas in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas

the constant is specific to each gas and liquid pairing

Question 6

vapor pressure

Answer 6

the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase at a given temperature

Vapor pressure (vs the pure substance) is increased or decreased based on the solute dissolved in the solution. Some have a stronger IMF with the solute that is dissolved (lower vapor pressure) and some have a weaker bond (higher vapor pressure)

Vapor pressure is completely dependent on the Intermolecular forces AND the temperature

Question 7

boiling point elevation

Answer 7

the boiling point is when the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure

refers to the non-ideal behavior of a solution having a higher boiling point than that of the pure substance

(Due to an increase of molecules of solute, they block the path for the solution to be able to boil or turn into a gas. There it takes longer to boil and raises the boiling point)

Question 8

freezing depression

Answer 8

refers to the non-ideal behavior of a solution’s freezing point decreasing lower than that of the pure substance

(The solute disrupts the crystal structure that a pure substance would normally form so it takes longer to freeze in consequence)

Question 9

colligative properties

Answer 9

Properties that depend on the CONCENTRATION of the solution instead the identities

1. boiling elevation
2. freezing depression
3. osmotic pressure
4. vapor pressure

Question 10

Rauolts Law

Answer 10

the vapor pressure of an IDEAL solution depends on the vapor pressure of each component in the solution and its mole fraction in the liquid mixture

Question 11

Fractional distillation

Answer 11

A process to separate a mixture of different substances. It is done completely based off of boiling point (lower bp will go first). The mixtures are heated up and the liquid turns into gas. It travels up a tube (a tube regulated with different temperatures) until it starts to condense, it which it condenses in a certain layer. The process is repeated until all f the substances are out.

Question 12

osmotic pressure

Answer 12

the pressure that is created as water is flowing across.a semipermeable membrane to establish equilibrium

Question 13

molarity

Answer 13

moles of solute/ volume of solution (L)

Question 14

molality

Answer 14

moles of solute/ mass of solution (kg)