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Sonography P&P > Mini Quiz 6 / Big Monday Test > Flashcards

Mini Quiz 6 / Big Monday Test Flashcards

1
Q

Name three reasons why the patient must have a full bladder when scanning the pelvic

A
  1. Pushes bowel out of the way (gets rid of shadow)
  2. Creates good acoustic window
  3. Repositions anatomy (uterus)
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2
Q

What does the bladder extend past?

A

The fundus of the uterus

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3
Q

The normal amount of water is..

A

30-40 ounces

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4
Q

Ridges in the vagina are called..

A

Rugae

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5
Q

What sheds during a menstrual cycle?

A

Endometrium

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6
Q

The outside lining/membrane that covers the myometrium and forms the outer layer of the uterus is named..

A

Serosa

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7
Q

The endometrium brightness is…

Located at the…

A

Bright and echogenic

Center of the uterus

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8
Q

__________ is farthest from the opening of the vaginal canal and is the widest and most superior segment of the uterus

A

Fundus

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9
Q

Name for the upper body of the uterus that is continuous with the uterine cervix

A

Corpus

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10
Q

____________ connects the body of the uterus to the cervix. Also known as the point of construction of the uterus

A

Isthmus

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11
Q

Another name for vaginal canal

A

Vaginal vault

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12
Q

The superior thyroid is the _____________ branch off of the external carotid artery

A

Proximal

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13
Q

Internal carotid is…

A

Low resistance

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14
Q

External carotid is..

A

High resistance

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15
Q

“-flex”

A

Bend

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16
Q

“-verted”

A

Leans

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17
Q

Ante-

A

Before

Anterior

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18
Q

“Retro-“

A

Behind

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19
Q

“Levo-“

A

Left

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20
Q

“Dextro-“

A

Right

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21
Q

What is the “normal” position of the uterus termed?

A

Anteverted

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22
Q

Anteflex

A

Forward bend in uterus

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23
Q

Anteverted

A

Leaning forward

Normal position

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24
Q

Retroverted

A

Leaning backward

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25
Q

Retroflexion

A

Bent backward

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26
Q

Levoverted

A

Leaning to left

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27
Q

Dextroverted

A

Leaning to right

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28
Q

Levoflexed

A

Bent to left

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29
Q

Dextroflexed

A

Bent to right

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30
Q

Levoretroflexed

A

Backwards and to the left

Left backwards bent

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31
Q

Premenarchal

A

Before period; pediatric

2.5 cm

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32
Q

Nuliparous uterus and the standard size

A

Hasn’t had a child yet

7-8.5 cm

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33
Q

Multiparous uterus and size

A

Multiple pregnancies

8.5 - 12 cm

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34
Q

Postmenopausal uterus and size

A

Typically smaller

7-8.5 cm

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35
Q

Standard thickness of uterus

A

3-4cm

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36
Q

Describe the shape of the uterus in transverse

A

Smooshed circle

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37
Q

Standard width of uterus

A

4 - 5.5 cm

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38
Q

Adnexa location

A

Outside of the uterus

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39
Q

When measuring the endometrium, you should adjust the..

A

Change the Focus

Decrease the depth

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40
Q

Standard measurement for endometrium

A

<1.5 cm

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41
Q

The genital tract includes the..

A

Vagina,
uterus,
uterine tubes,
ovaries,
urinary bladder

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42
Q

Name the tract that makes up the primary reproductive organs of the female

A

Genital tract

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43
Q

The vaginal canal is _____cm in length

A

9cm

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44
Q

The vagina receives the penis during…

A

Coitus

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45
Q

The walls of the vagina include…

A

Epithelial cells and an outer adventitia

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46
Q

The uterus lies in the..

A

True pelvis

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47
Q

The true pelvis is between the..

A

Bladder and rectum

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48
Q

Name the three tissue layers that the uterine walls are composed of

A

Endometrium

Myometrium

Serosa

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49
Q

The innermost layer of the uterine wall is the..

A

Endometrium

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50
Q

The proximal portion of the birth canal is the..

A

Endometrial canal

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51
Q

Name the two layers of the endometrium

A

Superficial (functional)

Deep (basal)

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52
Q

Why is the superficial layer referred to as the functional layer ?

A

Bc it increases in size during the menstrual cycle

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53
Q

What layer forms the bulk of the uterus?

A

Myometrium

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54
Q

Parturition

A

The act of giving birth

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55
Q

Name the four parts of the uterus

A

Fundus

Corpus

Isthmus

Cervix

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56
Q

Name the lower cylindrical portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina

A

Cervix

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57
Q

Name the three canals that form a channel through which the fetus passes at birth

A

Endometrial canal
Endocervical canal
Endovaginal canal

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58
Q

Name the steps for the spleen protocol

A

Sag: entire organ (mid)
^ measurement
Sliver (medial)
kidney (lateral)

Trv: diaphragm (superior)
Entire organ (mid)
^measurement
Kidney / donut (inferior)

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59
Q

Aden- (o)

A

Gland, glandular

Ex. Adenoma

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60
Q

Angi- (o)

A

Vessel

Ex. Angiogram

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61
Q

Vas- (o)

A

Vessel, duct

Ex. Vasospasm

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62
Q

Arter-

A

Artery

Ex. Arteriogram

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63
Q

Phleb- (o)

A

Vein

Ex. Phlebotomy

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64
Q

Ven- (a)

A

Vein

Ex. Venous

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65
Q

-emia

A

Blood

Ex. Glycemia

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66
Q

-uria

A

Urine

Ex. Hematuria

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67
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

Ex. Apnea

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68
Q

Ather- (o)

A

Fatty, Lipid

Ex. Artherosclerosis

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69
Q

Genito-

A

Organs of reproduction

Ex. Genitourinary

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70
Q

Gyn-

A

Woman, female

Ex. Gynecology

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71
Q

Ped- (ia)

A

Child

Pediatric

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72
Q

Hem- (a, ato, o)

A

Blood

Ex. Hemorrhage
Hematology

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73
Q

Lymph- (o)

A

Lymph tissue

Ex. Lymphoma

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74
Q

Lapar- (o)

A

Abdomen, abdominal wall

Ex. Laparotomy

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75
Q

Hyster- (o)

A

Uterus

Ex. Hysterectomy

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76
Q

Adren-

A

Adrenal gland

Ex. Adrenopathy

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77
Q

Encephal- (o)

A

Brain

Ex. Encephalitis

78
Q

Neph- (r, ro)

A

Kidney

Ex. Nephrolith

79
Q

Neur- (o)

A

Nerve, nervous system

Ex. Neuralgia

80
Q

-ic , -ac

A

Pertaining to

Ex. Thoracic

81
Q

-ism

A

Condition, theory, state of being

Ex. Pessimism

82
Q

-logy

A

Study of, science of

Ex. Biology

83
Q

-ologist

A

Person who does/studies

Ex. Radiologist

84
Q

Auto-

A

Self

Ex. Autoimmune

85
Q

Tox- (o) , toxic- (o)

A

Poison

Ex. Endotoxin

86
Q

-cide

A

Causing death

Ex. Suicide

87
Q

Necr- (o)

A

Death

Ex. Necrophilia

88
Q

-lys (is,o)

A

Destruction, dissolving of

Ex. Thrombolysis

89
Q

-crine

A

Secrete

Ex. Exocrine

90
Q

Cyro-

A

Cold

Ex. Cryotherapy

91
Q

Therm- (o, y)

A

Heat

Ex. Thermometer

92
Q

-genesis

A

Development, production, creation

Ex. fibrogenesis

93
Q

-blast

A

Germ / embryonic cell

Ex. Hemocytoblast

94
Q

-natal

A

Birth

Ex. Prenatal

95
Q

-partum

A

Birth, labor

Ex. Postpartum

96
Q

Neo-

A

New

Ex. Neonatal

97
Q

Pseudo-

A

False

Ex. Pseudocyst

98
Q

The size of the endometrium changes depending on…

A

The phases of the menstrual cycle

99
Q

The vaginal canal is shown as a _______________ line

A

Hyperechoic

100
Q

What two ducts join together to form the common bile duct?

A

Common hepatic duct and cystic duct

101
Q

How many measurements will be taken for the Sagittal spleen mid image?

A

Two
Length and depth

102
Q

What is the maximum length for the kidneys?

A

12 cm

103
Q

What will you see more of when you scan medially on the kidneys?

A

Sinus

104
Q

When told to decrease the depth, what happens to the image?

A

You bring the area of interest closer to the bottom of the screen (less penetration)

105
Q

What is the most hypoechoic portion of the kidneys ?

A

Pyramids

106
Q

What separates the caudate from the left lobe of the liver?

A

Ligamentum Venosum

107
Q

The right kidney is situated lower than the left because of the..

A

Liver

108
Q

The _____ renal vein is longer than the _____ renal vein

A

Left is longer than right renal vein

109
Q

The ________ renal artery is longer than the ________ renal artery

A

Right is longer than the left renal artery

110
Q

The spleen is slightly _______________ compared to the renal cortex

A

Hyperechoic

111
Q

The most hyperechoic portion of the kidney is the

A

Capsule

112
Q

Minimum length for the kidney

A

9 cm

113
Q

If you fan laterally on the kidney; you see more…

A

Cortex

114
Q

Length for the kidney in transverse

A

3-5 cm

115
Q

Name the components of the kidneys from hyperechoic to hypochoic in order in relation to pancreas, liver, kidney

A

Capsule (hyperechoic)
Renal sinus

Pancreas (echogenic)
Liver (medium)
Spleen (anechoic)

Renal cortex
Pyramid (hypoechoic)

116
Q

What quadrant is the spleen in

A

Left upper quadrant

117
Q

What feeds the spleen

A

Splenic artery

118
Q

What drains the spleen

A

Splenic vein

119
Q

Word meaning same brightness as (liver)

A

Isoechoic

120
Q

Word meaning less echogenic than surrounding structures

A

Hypoechoic

121
Q

It is easiest to scan the spleen…

A

Intercostally from lateral approach

Right lateral decubitus

122
Q

When scanning the spleen, move the patient into _________________ position to move has

A

Right lateral decubitus

123
Q

What do you measure in Sagittal mid for spleen

A

Length and depth

124
Q

Length for spleen should be..

A

8-13 cm

125
Q

Anteroposterior spleen should be measuring

A

7-8 cm
Transverse and round

126
Q

Sagittal measurement for thickness of spleen should be

A

3-4 cm thick

127
Q

Spleen gets larger when you’re diagnosed with ________ because of the excess amounts of ________________

A

Mono

Red blood cells

128
Q

Spleen helps to filter…

A

Old blood cells

129
Q

When scanning spleen, Where should the probe fan for Sagittal medial and sagittal lateral ?

A

Fan more anterior

130
Q

Sonographic word for mucosal folds

A

Spiral valves of heister

131
Q

Hematopoiesis produces..

A

Blood cells

132
Q

Average volume of the spleen is

A

350 mL

133
Q

What texture should the spleen normally have?

A

Homogenous and smooth

134
Q

What are the directions for Sagittal spleen

A

Lateral ^
Medial v
Superior <
Inferior >

135
Q

What are the directions for transverse spleen

A

Lateral ^
Medial v
Anterior <
Posterior >

136
Q

The apex of the kidney always points

A

Inward

Toward center

137
Q

The wider part of the kidney that meets the cortex is the

A

Base

138
Q

The number of medullary pyramids always equals the number of..

A

Minor calyces

139
Q

The minor calyces form the border of the..

A

Renal sinus

140
Q

The ureter begins in the kidney as the..

A

Renal pelvis

141
Q

Collecting duct is where…

A

Urine is collected

142
Q

Name of the bright white line that circles the kidney

A

Renal capsule

143
Q

Taking the measurement of the kidney is important.
The thickness of the cortex is important because if it is too small the kidney will not be able to…

A

Process blood efficiently

144
Q

Size of parenchymal thickness

A

1.25 cm - 1.5 cm

145
Q

The base of the pyramid to the outer edge is called the

A

Cortical thickness

146
Q

The outer edge of the kidney to the inner part of the cortex is called the

A

Parenchymal thickness

147
Q

The landmark for the right kidney is the

A

Liver

148
Q

The landmark for the left kidney is the

A

Spleen

149
Q

What landmark is posterior to the bladder in men

A

Prostate

150
Q

That landmark is posterior to the bladder in women

A

Uterus

151
Q

Only the __________ wall of the bladder is measured

A

Anterior wall

152
Q

A non-distended bladder should at most be _____ mm

A

6 mm

153
Q

The wall of the bladder when full should at most be ____mm

A

3mm

154
Q

The trigone is where the _________ enters and the ________ exits

A

Ureter enters
Urethra exits

155
Q

If you see color coming into both ureters when using color Doppler, it typically means…

A

That both ureters and open and working

156
Q

Stricture

A

Narrowing or bending in ureter

157
Q

The column of Bertin lies..

A

In between the pyramids

158
Q

Name the parts of the kidney from the outside in

A

Cortex
Pyramid
Medulla
Sinus

159
Q

Parenchyma thickness

A

1.25 - 1.5 cm

160
Q

The sonographic appearance of the normal spleen is

A

Homogenous
Midgray

Isosonic or hypoechoic relative to the liver

161
Q

The spleen is located

A

Intraperitoneal in the left hypochondrium

162
Q

The long axis of the spleen is seen in a…

A

Left coronal oblique plane

163
Q

Accessory spleen is

A

Splenic tissue found separate from the spleen

164
Q

The spleen is part of the
_________________ system

A

Reticuloendothelial system

165
Q

The spleen is a large mass of…

A

Lymphatic tissue

166
Q

The splenic artery runs
________ and slightly __________ to the splenic vein

A

Superior and slightly anterior to the splenic vein

167
Q

The major functions of the spleen are..

A

Red blood fell and platelet destruction

Defense

Hematopoiesis

Blood reservoir

168
Q

When scanning near the splenic hilum, what structure will you encounter?

A

Splenic vein

169
Q

What does the splenic vein drain into?

A

Portal vein

170
Q

The _______________ form the border of the renal sinus

A

Minor calyces

171
Q

The loop of Henley is ____________ in the juxtamedullary nephron

A

Longer

172
Q

The normal kidney appears..

A

Heterogeneous with a smooth contour

173
Q

In longitudinal sections, the kidney appears as as an..

A

Elliptical structure

174
Q

Axial or short axis sections of the normal adult kidney appear rounded and token medially by the…

A

Renal hilum

175
Q

In what region can the renal vein and artery be visualized?

A

The hilar region

176
Q

The _______________ is a fibrous capsule, which appears as a thin, continuous, highly reflective line visualized along the periphery of the kidneys, it is hyperechoic relative to adjacent renal cortex

A

Renal capsule

177
Q

____________ presents as a mid gray or medium to low level homogeneous echoes that are less than or equal to the density of the liver or spleen.

A

Renal cortex

178
Q

_______________ are described as discreet, echogenic dots that may be seen in the corticomedullary junction, are the arcuate vessels, and serve as a marker for evaluation of cortical thickness

A

Columns of bertin

179
Q

__________________ appear as triangular, round, or blunted anechoic areas when urine filled and are otherwise not visible.

A

Medullary pyramids

180
Q

________________ presents as the bright, echodense, ovoid central portion of the kidney with irregular borders. It also houses the collecting system, lymphatics, and renal vessels.

A

Renal sinus

181
Q

______________________ appears as anechoic lumens, surrounded by Bright walls, which can be followed to their origin

A

Renal vasculature

182
Q

Length of spleen

A

8-13 cm

183
Q

Depth of spleen

A

7-8 cm

184
Q

Spleen to Stomach is..

A

medial

185
Q

Stomach to Spleen is..

A

lateral

186
Q

Adrenal Glands are superior to…

A

Kidneys

187
Q

Spleen is _________ to pancreas tail

A

Lateral

188
Q

Accessory spleen comes off of the..

A

Hilum

189
Q

Diaphram is Superior and Posterior to the..

A

Spleen

190
Q

Spleen is a _______________ organ

A

intraperitoneal

191
Q

Spleen is ___________ to stomach

A

Lateral

192
Q

Spleen joins the ______________________ to make the portal vein

A

Superior mesenteric artery

Sonography P&P (8 decks)

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