Mini Quiz 6 / Big Monday Test Flashcards
Name three reasons why the patient must have a full bladder when scanning the pelvic
- Pushes bowel out of the way (gets rid of shadow)
- Creates good acoustic window
- Repositions anatomy (uterus)
What does the bladder extend past?
The fundus of the uterus
The normal amount of water is..
30-40 ounces
Ridges in the vagina are called..
Rugae
What sheds during a menstrual cycle?
Endometrium
The outside lining/membrane that covers the myometrium and forms the outer layer of the uterus is named..
Serosa
The endometrium brightness is…
Located at the…
Bright and echogenic
Center of the uterus
__________ is farthest from the opening of the vaginal canal and is the widest and most superior segment of the uterus
Fundus
Name for the upper body of the uterus that is continuous with the uterine cervix
Corpus
____________ connects the body of the uterus to the cervix. Also known as the point of construction of the uterus
Isthmus
Another name for vaginal canal
Vaginal vault
The superior thyroid is the _____________ branch off of the external carotid artery
Proximal
Internal carotid is…
Low resistance
External carotid is..
High resistance
“-flex”
Bend
“-verted”
Leans
Ante-
Before
Anterior
“Retro-“
Behind
“Levo-“
Left
“Dextro-“
Right
What is the “normal” position of the uterus termed?
Anteverted
Anteflex
Forward bend in uterus
Anteverted
Leaning forward
Normal position
Retroverted
Leaning backward
Retroflexion
Bent backward
Levoverted
Leaning to left
Dextroverted
Leaning to right
Levoflexed
Bent to left
Dextroflexed
Bent to right
Levoretroflexed
Backwards and to the left
Left backwards bent
Premenarchal
Before period; pediatric
2.5 cm
Nuliparous uterus and the standard size
Hasn’t had a child yet
7-8.5 cm
Multiparous uterus and size
Multiple pregnancies
8.5 - 12 cm
Postmenopausal uterus and size
Typically smaller
7-8.5 cm
Standard thickness of uterus
3-4cm
Describe the shape of the uterus in transverse
Smooshed circle
Standard width of uterus
4 - 5.5 cm
Adnexa location
Outside of the uterus
When measuring the endometrium, you should adjust the..
Change the Focus
Decrease the depth
Standard measurement for endometrium
<1.5 cm
The genital tract includes the..
Vagina,
uterus,
uterine tubes,
ovaries,
urinary bladder
Name the tract that makes up the primary reproductive organs of the female
Genital tract
The vaginal canal is _____cm in length
9cm
The vagina receives the penis during…
Coitus
The walls of the vagina include…
Epithelial cells and an outer adventitia
The uterus lies in the..
True pelvis
The true pelvis is between the..
Bladder and rectum
Name the three tissue layers that the uterine walls are composed of
Endometrium
Myometrium
Serosa
The innermost layer of the uterine wall is the..
Endometrium
The proximal portion of the birth canal is the..
Endometrial canal
Name the two layers of the endometrium
Superficial (functional)
Deep (basal)
Why is the superficial layer referred to as the functional layer ?
Bc it increases in size during the menstrual cycle
What layer forms the bulk of the uterus?
Myometrium
Parturition
The act of giving birth
Name the four parts of the uterus
Fundus
Corpus
Isthmus
Cervix
Name the lower cylindrical portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina
Cervix
Name the three canals that form a channel through which the fetus passes at birth
Endometrial canal
Endocervical canal
Endovaginal canal
Name the steps for the spleen protocol
Sag: entire organ (mid)
^ measurement
Sliver (medial)
kidney (lateral)
Trv: diaphragm (superior)
Entire organ (mid)
^measurement
Kidney / donut (inferior)
Aden- (o)
Gland, glandular
Ex. Adenoma
Angi- (o)
Vessel
Ex. Angiogram
Vas- (o)
Vessel, duct
Ex. Vasospasm
Arter-
Artery
Ex. Arteriogram
Phleb- (o)
Vein
Ex. Phlebotomy
Ven- (a)
Vein
Ex. Venous
-emia
Blood
Ex. Glycemia
-uria
Urine
Ex. Hematuria
-pnea
Breathing
Ex. Apnea
Ather- (o)
Fatty, Lipid
Ex. Artherosclerosis
Genito-
Organs of reproduction
Ex. Genitourinary
Gyn-
Woman, female
Ex. Gynecology
Ped- (ia)
Child
Pediatric
Hem- (a, ato, o)
Blood
Ex. Hemorrhage
Hematology
Lymph- (o)
Lymph tissue
Ex. Lymphoma
Lapar- (o)
Abdomen, abdominal wall
Ex. Laparotomy
Hyster- (o)
Uterus
Ex. Hysterectomy
Adren-
Adrenal gland
Ex. Adrenopathy
Encephal- (o)
Brain
Ex. Encephalitis
Neph- (r, ro)
Kidney
Ex. Nephrolith
Neur- (o)
Nerve, nervous system
Ex. Neuralgia
-ic , -ac
Pertaining to
Ex. Thoracic
-ism
Condition, theory, state of being
Ex. Pessimism
-logy
Study of, science of
Ex. Biology
-ologist
Person who does/studies
Ex. Radiologist
Auto-
Self
Ex. Autoimmune
Tox- (o) , toxic- (o)
Poison
Ex. Endotoxin
-cide
Causing death
Ex. Suicide
Necr- (o)
Death
Ex. Necrophilia
-lys (is,o)
Destruction, dissolving of
Ex. Thrombolysis
-crine
Secrete
Ex. Exocrine
Cyro-
Cold
Ex. Cryotherapy
Therm- (o, y)
Heat
Ex. Thermometer
-genesis
Development, production, creation
Ex. fibrogenesis
-blast
Germ / embryonic cell
Ex. Hemocytoblast
-natal
Birth
Ex. Prenatal
-partum
Birth, labor
Ex. Postpartum
Neo-
New
Ex. Neonatal
Pseudo-
False
Ex. Pseudocyst
The size of the endometrium changes depending on…
The phases of the menstrual cycle
The vaginal canal is shown as a _______________ line
Hyperechoic
What two ducts join together to form the common bile duct?
Common hepatic duct and cystic duct
How many measurements will be taken for the Sagittal spleen mid image?
Two
Length and depth
What is the maximum length for the kidneys?
12 cm
What will you see more of when you scan medially on the kidneys?
Sinus
When told to decrease the depth, what happens to the image?
You bring the area of interest closer to the bottom of the screen (less penetration)
What is the most hypoechoic portion of the kidneys ?
Pyramids
What separates the caudate from the left lobe of the liver?
Ligamentum Venosum
The right kidney is situated lower than the left because of the..
Liver
The _____ renal vein is longer than the _____ renal vein
Left is longer than right renal vein
The ________ renal artery is longer than the ________ renal artery
Right is longer than the left renal artery
The spleen is slightly _______________ compared to the renal cortex
Hyperechoic
The most hyperechoic portion of the kidney is the
Capsule
Minimum length for the kidney
9 cm
If you fan laterally on the kidney; you see more…
Cortex
Length for the kidney in transverse
3-5 cm
Name the components of the kidneys from hyperechoic to hypochoic in order in relation to pancreas, liver, kidney
Capsule (hyperechoic)
Renal sinus
Pancreas (echogenic)
Liver (medium)
Spleen (anechoic)
Renal cortex
Pyramid (hypoechoic)
What quadrant is the spleen in
Left upper quadrant
What feeds the spleen
Splenic artery
What drains the spleen
Splenic vein
Word meaning same brightness as (liver)
Isoechoic
Word meaning less echogenic than surrounding structures
Hypoechoic
It is easiest to scan the spleen…
Intercostally from lateral approach
Right lateral decubitus
When scanning the spleen, move the patient into _________________ position to move has
Right lateral decubitus
What do you measure in Sagittal mid for spleen
Length and depth
Length for spleen should be..
8-13 cm
Anteroposterior spleen should be measuring
7-8 cm
Transverse and round
Sagittal measurement for thickness of spleen should be
3-4 cm thick
Spleen gets larger when you’re diagnosed with ________ because of the excess amounts of ________________
Mono
Red blood cells
Spleen helps to filter…
Old blood cells
When scanning spleen, Where should the probe fan for Sagittal medial and sagittal lateral ?
Fan more anterior
Sonographic word for mucosal folds
Spiral valves of heister
Hematopoiesis produces..
Blood cells
Average volume of the spleen is
350 mL
What texture should the spleen normally have?
Homogenous and smooth
What are the directions for Sagittal spleen
Lateral ^
Medial v
Superior <
Inferior >
What are the directions for transverse spleen
Lateral ^
Medial v
Anterior <
Posterior >
The apex of the kidney always points
Inward
Toward center
The wider part of the kidney that meets the cortex is the
Base
The number of medullary pyramids always equals the number of..
Minor calyces
The minor calyces form the border of the..
Renal sinus
The ureter begins in the kidney as the..
Renal pelvis
Collecting duct is where…
Urine is collected
Name of the bright white line that circles the kidney
Renal capsule
Taking the measurement of the kidney is important.
The thickness of the cortex is important because if it is too small the kidney will not be able to…
Process blood efficiently
Size of parenchymal thickness
1.25 cm - 1.5 cm
The base of the pyramid to the outer edge is called the
Cortical thickness
The outer edge of the kidney to the inner part of the cortex is called the
Parenchymal thickness
The landmark for the right kidney is the
Liver
The landmark for the left kidney is the
Spleen
What landmark is posterior to the bladder in men
Prostate
That landmark is posterior to the bladder in women
Uterus
Only the __________ wall of the bladder is measured
Anterior wall
A non-distended bladder should at most be _____ mm
6 mm
The wall of the bladder when full should at most be ____mm
3mm
The trigone is where the _________ enters and the ________ exits
Ureter enters
Urethra exits
If you see color coming into both ureters when using color Doppler, it typically means…
That both ureters and open and working
Stricture
Narrowing or bending in ureter
The column of Bertin lies..
In between the pyramids
Name the parts of the kidney from the outside in
Cortex
Pyramid
Medulla
Sinus
Parenchyma thickness
1.25 - 1.5 cm
The sonographic appearance of the normal spleen is
Homogenous
Midgray
Isosonic or hypoechoic relative to the liver
The spleen is located
Intraperitoneal in the left hypochondrium
The long axis of the spleen is seen in a…
Left coronal oblique plane
Accessory spleen is
Splenic tissue found separate from the spleen
The spleen is part of the
_________________ system
Reticuloendothelial system
The spleen is a large mass of…
Lymphatic tissue
The splenic artery runs
________ and slightly __________ to the splenic vein
Superior and slightly anterior to the splenic vein
The major functions of the spleen are..
Red blood fell and platelet destruction
Defense
Hematopoiesis
Blood reservoir
When scanning near the splenic hilum, what structure will you encounter?
Splenic vein
What does the splenic vein drain into?
Portal vein
The _______________ form the border of the renal sinus
Minor calyces
The loop of Henley is ____________ in the juxtamedullary nephron
Longer
The normal kidney appears..
Heterogeneous with a smooth contour
In longitudinal sections, the kidney appears as as an..
Elliptical structure
Axial or short axis sections of the normal adult kidney appear rounded and token medially by the…
Renal hilum
In what region can the renal vein and artery be visualized?
The hilar region
The _______________ is a fibrous capsule, which appears as a thin, continuous, highly reflective line visualized along the periphery of the kidneys, it is hyperechoic relative to adjacent renal cortex
Renal capsule
____________ presents as a mid gray or medium to low level homogeneous echoes that are less than or equal to the density of the liver or spleen.
Renal cortex
_______________ are described as discreet, echogenic dots that may be seen in the corticomedullary junction, are the arcuate vessels, and serve as a marker for evaluation of cortical thickness
Columns of bertin
__________________ appear as triangular, round, or blunted anechoic areas when urine filled and are otherwise not visible.
Medullary pyramids
________________ presents as the bright, echodense, ovoid central portion of the kidney with irregular borders. It also houses the collecting system, lymphatics, and renal vessels.
Renal sinus
______________________ appears as anechoic lumens, surrounded by Bright walls, which can be followed to their origin
Renal vasculature
Length of spleen
8-13 cm
Depth of spleen
7-8 cm
Spleen to Stomach is..
medial
Stomach to Spleen is..
lateral
Adrenal Glands are superior to…
Kidneys
Spleen is _________ to pancreas tail
Lateral
Accessory spleen comes off of the..
Hilum
Diaphram is Superior and Posterior to the..
Spleen
Spleen is a _______________ organ
intraperitoneal
Spleen is ___________ to stomach
Lateral
Spleen joins the ______________________ to make the portal vein
Superior mesenteric artery
