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Biology 102 > Mini Exam 4 > Flashcards

Mini Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mosses

A

low lying plants, no vasc system, grow in moist surfaces, lack roots, rhizoids anchor plant

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2
Q

moss in prison program

A

do experiments to learn how to commercially grow moss

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3
Q

ferns

A

first to have vasc system, grow in moist environments, no seeds or flowers, sperm swims to egg

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4
Q

fronds

A

ferns leaves, unfurl as they grow

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5
Q

fiddleheads

A

ferns leaves look like fiddlehead as they grow (unfurl)

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6
Q

sori

A

ferns: sperm on underside of frond

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7
Q

resurrection fern

A

epiphyte, can lose 75% of water, shrivels to grayish/brown clump of leaves

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8
Q

gymnosperms

A

1st to have pollen and seeds, pollen contains sperm cells (prevents drying out), evergreen

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9
Q

“gymno”

A

naked

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10
Q

“sperm”

A

seed

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11
Q

giant redwood tree

A

gymnosperm, branched up to 5 ft. in diameter, bark up to 12 in. thick, live 2,000 years

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12
Q

angiosperms

A

flowering plants, drop leaves in winter (deciduous), produce flowers, pack seeds into fruit

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13
Q

female parts (flower)

A

ovary (develops into fruit), carpel

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14
Q

male parts (flower)

A

stamen w/ anther (houses pollen)

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15
Q

support structures (flower)

A

petal, sepals

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16
Q

petals

A

advertise location of rewards to pollinators

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17
Q

sepals

A

protect delicate petals (usually green)

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18
Q

bird

A

see RED, blue, and green

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19
Q

bees

A

DONT see red, see yellow and UV

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20
Q

moths

A

blue green, WHITE GOOD AT NIGHT

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21
Q

bats

A

green, blue, red, WHITE GOOD AT NIGHT

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22
Q

butterflies

A

green, blue, violet

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23
Q

nectar

A

sugary fluid, at base (must reach for it)

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24
Q

smell (flower)

A

most are sweet, some mimic rotting flesh (for flies)

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25
Q

prokaryotes

A

most ancient, single celled

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26
Q

eukaryotes

A

have nucleus and organelles

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27
Q

plants

A

cells w walls, chloroplasts, roots stems and leaves

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28
Q

root system (plants)

A

anchor plant, bring water + nutrients, root hair increase surface area

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29
Q

shoot systems (plants)

A

stems structural (upright), leaves exchanges gasses (photosynthesis)

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30
Q

dermal tissue

A

outer layer, protects plant

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31
Q

ground tissue

A

middle layer, bulk of plant, carries out most functions

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32
Q

vascular tissue

A

central layer, “circ system”, tubes distribute water + nutrients through body

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33
Q

phloem (vasc tiss)

A

tubes that move sugar from leaves to all tissues

34
Q

xylem (vasc tiss)

A

tubes that move water from roots to leaves

35
Q

transpiration

A

movement of water through plant, xylem forms chain, connected via hydrogen bonds

36
Q

photosynthesis

A

CO2 + H2O + Sunlight -> glucose (C6H12O6) + O2 [solar energy converted to chemical energy]

37
Q

seed dispersals

A

wind (parachutes), animal (burrs/hooks)

38
Q

fleshy fruit

A

drupes, pomes, berries (apples, oranges, cherries, etc.)

39
Q

dry fruit

A

nuts, beans, grains (fruits of grasses)

40
Q

drupes

A

have one large seed surrounded by fleshy,edible part of fruit (mangoes, peaches)

41
Q

pomes

A

have multiple seeds embedded in a core with the fleshy edible part outside (pears, apples)

42
Q

[true] berries

A

fleshy throughout, seeds embedded in the flesh (blueberries, bananas, grapes, tomato)

43
Q

sponges (phylum)

A

no digestive tract, collar cells

44
Q

cnidaria (jelly, coral, anemones)

A

radial symmetry, simple digestive tract, stinging cells, two body forms

45
Q

jellies

A

1st w digestive system, swim vertically, sting w cells on tentacles

46
Q

coral

A

groups of small polyps secrete mineralized cup around itself, sit on top of skeleton as a sheet

47
Q

flatworms

A

bodies are flat, get gasses through skin, have some organ systems but not well developed

48
Q

scolex [flatworm]

A

“head” = hooks for anchoring to the intestine

49
Q

heartworm [roundworm]

A

transmitted by mosquitos, can fill heart chambers

50
Q

earthworm

A

body = segments, hermaphrodites, mutual insemination, important for soil

51
Q

mollusks

A

muscular head-foot, mantle, shell (optional), (clams, snails, squid)

52
Q

geoduck [mollusk]

A

burrows in intertidal, long siphon for filtering, live for 140 years

53
Q

arthropods

A

bilateral symmetry, segmented bodies, exoskeleton, paired/jointed legs

54
Q

spider (arachnids)

A

2 body regions, 8 legs, 8 eyes

55
Q

crustaceans

A

2 body parts, 10 legs, breathe via gills, many have claws

56
Q

crabs (crustacea)

A

sex of crab from the abdomen, scavengers and predators, front legs modified into claws

57
Q

mountain apron

A

male crab

58
Q

hill apron

A

female crab

59
Q

insects

A

3 body parts, 6 legs, most have two pairs of wings on thorax, growth by molting

60
Q

incomplete metamorphosis

A

larvae resemble adults, molt until they reach maturity (with wings)

61
Q

complete metamorphosis

A

larval stage looks different from adult stage, includes pupal stage (transformative stage)

62
Q

bees, wasps, ants

A

live in colonies, have caste system, mostly female

63
Q

bees

A

hairy and robust, broader waist, flat legs for gathering pollen

64
Q

wasps

A

slender with smooth body, narrow waits, slender legs

65
Q

echinoderms

A

5-sided body plan, tube feet for locomotion

66
Q

sea stars [echinoderm]

A

eat mollusks, tube feet grip shells and rip them apart, exerts stomach for feeding

67
Q

chordates

A

vertebrates are the main group, animals with backbones, have bilateral symmetry

68
Q

water to land

A

fish -> amphibians -> reptiles -> mammals -> dinos/birds

69
Q

fish

A

1st with backbone, breathe w gills, covered in scales

70
Q

amphibians

A

1st vertebrate to live outside water, breathe via lungs or skin diffusion, reproduce in water

71
Q

internal fertilization

A

prevents gametes from drying out

72
Q

amniotic egg

A

portable aquarium

73
Q

reptiles

A

1st vertebrate to evolve amniotic egg, 1st fully terrestrial vertebrate, scaly skin, wide stance

74
Q

Komodo dragon

A

largest living lizard (10 ft), eats alive or dead, locates prey via smell, swallow food whole or chunks (15-20 min), breathes via tube under tongue

75
Q

birds

A

forelimbs modified to wings, feathers, beak without teeth, tail = no vertebrae just feathers, amniotic egg with mineralized shell

76
Q

magpies

A

common on palouse, scavengers, noisy, steal objects, eat crops, smart & curious

77
Q

mammals

A

fur, mammary glands

78
Q

monotremes (mammals)

A

egg layers (amniotic egg), platypus

79
Q

marsupials (mammals)

A

young born @ embryonic stage, crowls through hair to pouch, attaches to nipple for several months

80
Q

placental (eutherian) (mammals)

A

retain embryo in uterus, embryo nourished via placenta, embryo connected via umbilical cord (HUMANS!)

81
Q

bats (placental)

A

only flying mammal, use echolocation

82
Q

white nose bat syndrome

A

arrived in WA on March 31, 2016

Biology 102 (2 decks)

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