Mini Assessment 1 Flashcards
1-tooth prep
2-the status of tooth surface pathways
1-mechanical alteration of a defective, injured or disease tooth so that placememnt of restorative material re-establishes normal form, function & esthetics
2- a- Clinically sound (ICDAS 0,1,2) —> no treatment, recall, & maintenance
b- lesion—>inactive—> recall & maintenance
c-lesion—>active—> no cavitation—> caries management, non operative treatment
d- lesion—> active—>cavitation (ICDAS 4, 5, 6)—> operative & treatment
1- GV Black
1-classification of carious lesions & tooth preparations by the anatomic areas and the type of treatment
- based on observed frequency of carious lesions on aspects of the tooth
- modified over the decades
1- Class 1 Preparation
2- Class 2 Preparation
3- Class 3 Prep
4-Class 4 Prep
5-Class 5 Prep
6-Class 6 Prep
7- Root surface lesions
8- non carious cervical lesions (NCCL)
1-Pit & Fissure Lesions—including occlusal, buccal pits of molars, lingual pits of molars & anterior teeth
2-Proximal surfaces of posterior teeth lesion—inactive arrested carious lesion
3-Proximal surfaces of anterior teeth
4-involvement of proximal & incisal edge
-incisal edge, fractured tooth, & extensive carious lesion
5-lesions on the facial & lingual surfaces of all teeth—smooth surface carious lesions
6-lesions on the cusp tips of posterior teeth, incisal edge of anterior teeth—(amalgam)
7-root caries & senile caries
8- erosion, abrasion, & abfraction
1- naming preps
2-cavosurface margin
3-external outline form
4-internal outline form
5- “box”
6-“floors”
1-use first letter (capitalized) of each tooth surface involved: O, MO, DO
2-edge or margin of a prep
3-shape & extent of cavosurface margin
4-shape, angulation & form of internal walls
5-parts of prep—occlusal box, proximal box
6-pulpal foor & gingival/cervical floor
1-intercuspal distance
2-isthmus width
3-line angle
4-point angle
5-names of line angles & point angles
1-important when measuring width of isthmus
—wide isthmus= cusp fracture
2-prep w/ an isthmus width of 1/4 the intercuspal width= fracture resistance
isthmus widths greater than 1/4 = less resistance
narrower isthmus width= less incidence of cusp fracture
3-angle formed by junction of 2 walls
4-formed by junction of 3 walls or 3 line angles
5-drop last 2 letters of first (sometimes second) word in name of wall and add O (i.e. axial= axio) combine it w/ the other name= axiopulpal line angle or axiocervicofacial point angle
1-convergence
2-divergence
3-parallel
4-direct restorations (amalgam)
5-direct restortions (composite)
6-indirect restorations (gold/ceramic)
1-coming together—lines converge towards the open end (occlusal surface of tooth) so the walls of the prep converge towards the occlusal
2-lines diverge towards the open end (occlusal surface of tooth) so the walls of the prep diverge towards teh occlusal
3-keeping the same distance—left and right line are parallel to one another
4-amalgam—requires buccal & lingual walls that converge bc amalgam is plastic so when placed in prep it hardens, so the convergent walls= retention for the material
5-can have convergent or parallel walls bc the resin is bonded to the tooth structure for retention
when palced in prep it hardens when exposed to curing light
6-requires buccal & lingual walls that are divergent
bc restoration is fabricated outside the mouth and then cemented into place
1-wall direction
2-remaining dentin thickness
3- 0.5 mm thickness of dentin
4- 1.0 mm thickness of dentin
5-pulpal reaction
1-walls of preps should give enamel rods supported by dentin —-unsupoorted enamel can fracture and leave an open margin around the restoration
2-thickness of dentin between floor/wall of prep & pulp
- not the same for each prep
- varies depending upon the tooth, location of the prep, the size, & location of the pulp in relation
3- reduces effect of toxic substances by 75%
4-reduces effect of toxins by 90%
5-not much of a reaction where there is RDT of 2.0 mm or more, biggest impact when there is about .25-.3 mm
1- reason for tooth prep
2-objectives of tooth prep
1-caries progression may cause destruction of tooth structure
repalcement of defective restorations
restore form & function to fractured teeth
restore esthetics
2-remove all defects & provide protection to pulp
extend prep conservatively as possible
form prep so when masticating, tooth/restoration wont fracture or move
esthetic & functional placemement of restorative
1-factors affecting tooth prep
2-mandibular 1st premolar
1-DX= caries, occlusion, pulpal status, perio status
- knowledge of anatomy- enamel rod direction, thickness of enamel/dentin, size & position of pulp, & relationship of tooth to supporting tooth structure
- patient factors/material= esthetic concerns, economic factors, & tolerating appointments
- restorative material= ability to isolate the area & extent/location of lesion
2-large buccal cusp w/ small non functional lingual cusp
-if prepared w/ straight vertical alighment will remove tooth structure close to the buccal pulp horn
1- convential restorative material
2-modified restorative material
1-specific wall forms, depths & marginal forms bc of the properties of the restorative material
-amalgam, gold, ceramic
2-removal of degect, defective restorative material or friable tooth structure w/o specific uniform depths, wall designs or marginal forms
-resin composite
1-steps in cavity prep
- establish outline form
- obtain resistance form
- obtain retention form
- obtain convenience form
- remove remaining infected dentin/prior restorative material
- pulp protection
- finish enamel walls & cavosurface margins
- clean prep
1-establish outline form
2-obtain resistance form
1-the extent of carious lesion is the primary determinany of the outline form—materials other than amalgam may allow for conservation of tooth structure
so the choice of restorative material & patient risk= determines outline form
2-shape & placememnt of cavity walls that enables resotration & tooth to withstand (no fracture) masticatory forces delivered along long axis of tooth—narrow isthmus, rounded axial-pulpal & internal line angles, thickness of restorative, & inclusion of weakened structures
1-obtain retention form
2-resistance/retention
3-establish convenience form
4-final tooth prep
1-shape of prepared cavity that resists displacement or removal from tipping/lifting forces
—convergent walls, retention grooves, & resin composites (via micromechanical retention)
2-provided by shape of teh cavity & by rounded undercuts
3-shape or form of cavity that allows observation, accessibility, & easy of operation in prapring & restoring a cavity
4-remove remaining infected dentin/ prior restorative material w/ pulp protection if indicated
1-finish enamel walls & cavosurface margins
2-clean the prep
3-considerations when using instrumentation
1-bevel margins as required (anterior composite prep), remove unsupported/friable enamel
-unsupported enamel may fracture away=open margin
2-remaining debris can affect bonding to the tooth surface
3-patient protection—eye protection(patient wear glasses), pulp protection (use water spray to diminish head from hand piece…h20 should be to the tooth & head of bur), & soft tissue protection via rubber dam & stable finger rests
1-personal protection when using instrumentation
2-ergonomics
3-hand positions
4-high speed
5-slow speed
1-eye protection (safety glasses), inhalation protection (masks), & ear/hearing protection (electric handpiece produces less noise than air turbine)
2-for mandibular arch for r. handed= 7 for left handed= 5 for maxillary= 11-12 for r and 12-1 for left
3-modified pen grasp, stabilize hand & instrument via finger rests on tooth surfaces, not soft tissue
4-cuts enamel, outline & extension of prep, friction grip burs
5-will not cut intact enamel, used for caries excavation, prep refinement, retention grooves
latch purps
1-shape of burs
2-type of bur
3-use of burs
4-carbid bur numbering system
1-round
pear
inverted cone
straight fissure (cross cut, flat end, rounded end)
tapered fissure (cross cut, flat end, rounded end)
2-carbide & diamond
3-prep, finishing burs, fissurotomy,
crown removal/metal cutters & lab burs
4-shape, crosscut/plain blade, size of bur
1-Round bur
2-pear shaped
3-inverted cone bur
1-as numbers increase, the diameter of the bur increases
- create rounded preps
- very small (1/4)= for retention grooves
- slow speed round= excavation caries
2-as number increases the diameter of the bur increases
- create rounded cavity preps, w/ slightly convergent walls
- used for resin composite & amalgam preps
3-create an undercut cavity prep wall
1- straight fissure—flat end—plain
2-straight fissure—flat end—cross cut
3-straight fissure—round end—plain
4-straight fissure burs
5-tapered fissure burs- flat end-plain
6-shape of the bur
7-slow speed burs
1-57= 1 mm
2- cut effectively at slower speeds
at high speeds cross cut burs leave a rougher sufface on cavity prep
3-1157= 1 mm
4-useful where parallel walls and flat floors are planned
-straight fissure burs are not end cutting, the side of the bur makes the cut
5-used when tapered walls in a cavity prep are planned
5-help to result in the proper wall direction
- –tapered fissure= divergent walls
- –straight fissure= parallel walls unless the bur is tilted
- –pear shaped= convergent walls
7-latch
round burs for caries excavation
prep refinement
retention groove placement
1-finishing burs
2-lab burs
3-front surface mirrors
1-used to contour/smooth surface of a restoration
-finishing burs are described by the number of flutes/blades
-higher number of blades= smoother surface
white stripe= fluted
2-used on the lab handpiece
- extra oral use
- denture adjustment
- trimming acrylic/ composite provisionals
- polishing procedures
3-avoids double images—reflective surface is at te surface of the mirror
non front surface= the reflective surface is beneath a layer of glass
1-instrument formula (3)
2-instrument formula (4)
1-width of the blade in tenths of a millimeter, length of the blade in millimeteres, & angle the blade makes w/ the long axis of the handle/plane of the instrument in centigrade
2-width of the blade in tenths of a millimeter, angle the cutting edge makes w/ long axis of handle in centrigrade, length of the blad in mm, angle blade makes w/ long axis of handle or instrument plane in centrigrade
1- enamel hatchet
2-gingival margin trimmer
3-excavator
4-condensors
5-carvin instruments
6-burnishers
1-not curved, used for cutting enamel
- used w/ a push stroke
- the one in cassette has a cutting edge (bevel) on one side
2-blade is curved…primary cutting edge is at an angle to the length of the blade
- l & r instruments in pairs
- cutting enamel, refinement especially at gingival margin of a proximal box
- lateral scraping movement
3-spoon excavator—caries removal/ check hardness/softness of dentin
4-condensation of materials into cavity prep
5-carving margins & anatomy into restorations, scaler, discoid, half hollenback (usually all double ended)
6-ball burnishers, cone burnishers= used to contour restoration
1- composite placement
2-amalgam carrier
3-tofflemire matrix retainer
4-spatula
1-placement & shaping resin composite restorations
2-transfer of amalgam from amalgam well to the cavity prep
3-used when condesing a 2 surface (interprox) restoration
4-for mixing of cements & lining materials
—small side for transfer/placement of material into cavity prep
