Minerals Pt.2 (L5) Flashcards
The appearance and physical behaviour of minerals are directly related to _______
their chemical composition and bonding characteristics of their components (informative
Do all minerals have the same exact set of properties? Y or N
No
What is crystal habit?
refers to the external geometric shape of mineral crystals
What is cleavage?
It is used for mineral identification
it is the breakage of a mineral along flat, well-defined planes. Occurs in minerals that have bonds of diff strengths
What does cleavage refer to?
refers to how a mineral crystal breaks, NOT its external crystal form
Cleavage is a manifestation of the internal structure of mineral crystals
What is the simplest case of cleavage? And what can it be used for?
Mica - breaks in one direction
breaks into tiny little flakes that reflect light very well so commonly used as cosmetic glitter
Which way will cleavage break?
in the direction of weaker bonding
may be more than one direction of weaker bonding
Basal Cleavage
Cleavage in one direction
Cubic Cleavage
3 directions at 90 degrees
rhombohedral cleaveage
3 directions not at 90 degrees
Octahedral cleavage
four directions at 90 degrees to form a 3d shape with 8 sides
Why are cleavage planes always surfaces of breakage and don’t follow the same direction as the crystal faces?
Because cleavage is an internal property (breakage along planes of weakness) while the crystal faces is an external property
Why do not all minerals show cleavage?
b/c in some minerals, the bonds are relatively uniform in strength, so don’t break along specific planes
Fracture
The appearance of a broken surface that isn’t cleavage
what is the easiest type of fracture to recognize?
Conchoidal fracture
named b/c of the arc-shaped patterns on the surface that resemble the inside of a seashell
Hardness
Another useful diagnostic property
measure of the resistance of minerals to abrasion or scratching