minerals and rocks Flashcards
rocks are made of_____
and minerals are the compnents that ____
minerals
make up rocks
Minerals must be
naturally occuring, solic, orderly christalline, definite chem comp, inorganic 50 minerals are organic, NOT essential nutirents for the body
a rock is a ____ mass of ____ and occurs naturally on the palnet
but some rockas can be entirely composed of _____ _____
solid mass of minerals
one mineral
a transfer or sharing of electrons is called a _____
chemical bond
the octet rule is
atom tends to gain, lose, or share electrons until it is surrounded by eight valence electrons.
ionic bond is
atom of oposite charges
tends to gain, lose, or share electrons until it is surrounded by eight valence electrons.
critical mineral
important for overall importance of the stante and may ahve sketchy supply chains
psotivly and neg charfed atoms are called ____
ions
stratefiic minerals
essential for defese
what are the 3 properties of metals
hint: dbt thereapy
malleable
ductile
brittle
minerals form through
3 stages:
1.
2.
3.
precipitation
crystalization
deposition
precip[tation inminerals is when
a body of water reaces saturation and bonds making crystals,
deposition is _____
a reesult of biological processes
Properties of minerals
L
C
S
Lights
SH
St
H
Cle
F
Luster
Color
Streak
Lights
Crystal shape/Habit
Hardness
cleavage
Fracture
_____ bond is the most common type in minerals
covalent
these are properites used to id minerals
sucha as shape, taste
diagnostic properties
minerals can only have one form
true or false
falase, minerals can have more than one form
these are mineral properties that may VARY
ambiguous properties
these are ex of ambigious properties
color
the apearance of light REFLECting off a mineral is called____
luster
how can one test streak?
what is streak?
rub it on a bathroom tile
the color of the mineral in powdered form
the ____ scale can provide a numeric value for ____
mohs scale
hardness
clevage is how_____ when STRESSED
a mineral breaks
what is the difference between cleavage and tenacity
tenacity is ow a mineral RESPONDS to stress but cleavage is how it BREAKS
any natural solid with an orderly, repeating internal structure is called____
crysteline
fill in the blank for the properties of halite aka (___)
shape:
color:
Luster:
streak: W___
moh hardness: pick one
2.3, 2.7, 2.5 or 2.9
cleavage: 3 at ___ degrees
taste:
magnetic: yes or no
reacts with acid: yes or no
cubic
colorless
virtous/glassy
white
3.5
3 at 90
salty
no
noooooo
sternos law aka the _____
states the angle between _____
angle between equivelant faces in the same mineral are the same
the minerals that make up earths crust are called
rock forming minerals
if 2 crystals are in the same group, then they must have similar ______ and ______
internal structure and properties
these 8 minerals make up the earth’s crust
oxygen (O),
silicon (Si),
aluminum (Al),
iron (Fe),
calcium (Ca),
sodium (Na),
potassium (K),
magnesium (Mg
this is the most common mineral group
silicates
polymorphs mean
many shapes, one mineral can have many shapes
mineral classes
mineral species groups
non silicates make up ___ of the earths crust and consititue of
8 pecept
carbonates
what does a silicate tetahedra look like
what are the identifying factors?
what is it’s charge?
silicone with 4 oxygens
nO clevage, greater tha 5.5 hardness, varying color, no special and no luster
-4 charge
these minerals, unlike mica have a sheet structure
clay
clay is what type of silicate
clay is a sheet silicate
what is the most common mineral in the earth’ s crust
feldspar
know these 13 minerals their names except how tpo identify pyrxine and amphibole, but halite in great detail
quartz
gypsum: wallls
magnitite: magnetic one
pyrzine: 90
ambphbole: 120
must be able to id pictures
