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Phys geology > minerals and rocks > Flashcards

minerals and rocks Flashcards

1
Q

rocks are made of_____
and minerals are the compnents that ____

A

minerals
make up rocks

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2
Q

Minerals must be

A

naturally occuring, solic, orderly christalline, definite chem comp, inorganic 50 minerals are organic, NOT essential nutirents for the body

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3
Q

a rock is a ____ mass of ____ and occurs naturally on the palnet

but some rockas can be entirely composed of _____ _____

A

solid mass of minerals

one mineral

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4
Q

a transfer or sharing of electrons is called a _____

A

chemical bond

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5
Q

the octet rule is

A

atom tends to gain, lose, or share electrons until it is surrounded by eight valence electrons.

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6
Q

ionic bond is

A

atom of oposite charges

tends to gain, lose, or share electrons until it is surrounded by eight valence electrons.

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7
Q

critical mineral

A

important for overall importance of the stante and may ahve sketchy supply chains

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8
Q

psotivly and neg charfed atoms are called ____

A

ions

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9
Q

stratefiic minerals

A

essential for defese

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10
Q

what are the 3 properties of metals

hint: dbt thereapy

A

malleable
ductile
brittle

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11
Q

minerals form through
3 stages:
1.
2.
3.

A

precipitation
crystalization
deposition

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12
Q

precip[tation inminerals is when

A

a body of water reaces saturation and bonds making crystals,

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13
Q

deposition is _____

A

a reesult of biological processes

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14
Q

Properties of minerals
L
C
S
Lights
SH
St
H
Cle
F

A

Luster
Color
Streak
Lights
Crystal shape/Habit
Hardness
cleavage
Fracture

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15
Q

_____ bond is the most common type in minerals

A

covalent

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16
Q

these are properites used to id minerals
sucha as shape, taste

A

diagnostic properties

17
Q

minerals can only have one form
true or false

A

falase, minerals can have more than one form

18
Q

these are mineral properties that may VARY

A

ambiguous properties

19
Q

these are ex of ambigious properties

A

color

20
Q

the apearance of light REFLECting off a mineral is called____

A

luster

21
Q

how can one test streak?

what is streak?

A

rub it on a bathroom tile

the color of the mineral in powdered form

22
Q

the ____ scale can provide a numeric value for ____

A

mohs scale
hardness

23
Q

clevage is how_____ when STRESSED

A

a mineral breaks

24
Q

what is the difference between cleavage and tenacity

A

tenacity is ow a mineral RESPONDS to stress but cleavage is how it BREAKS

25
Q

any natural solid with an orderly, repeating internal structure is called____

A

crysteline

26
Q

fill in the blank for the properties of halite aka (___)

shape:
color:
Luster:
streak: W___
moh hardness: pick one
2.3, 2.7, 2.5 or 2.9
cleavage: 3 at ___ degrees
taste:
magnetic: yes or no
reacts with acid: yes or no

A

cubic
colorless
virtous/glassy
white
3.5
3 at 90
salty
no
noooooo

27
Q

sternos law aka the _____
states the angle between _____

A

angle between equivelant faces in the same mineral are the same

28
Q

the minerals that make up earths crust are called

A

rock forming minerals

29
Q

if 2 crystals are in the same group, then they must have similar ______ and ______

A

internal structure and properties

30
Q

these 8 minerals make up the earth’s crust

A

oxygen (O),
silicon (Si),
aluminum (Al),
iron (Fe),
calcium (Ca),
sodium (Na),
potassium (K),
magnesium (Mg

31
Q

this is the most common mineral group

A

silicates

32
Q

polymorphs mean

A

many shapes, one mineral can have many shapes

33
Q

mineral classes

A

mineral species groups

34
Q

non silicates make up ___ of the earths crust and consititue of

A

8 pecept
carbonates

35
Q

what does a silicate tetahedra look like

what are the identifying factors?
what is it’s charge?

A

silicone with 4 oxygens

nO clevage, greater tha 5.5 hardness, varying color, no special and no luster

-4 charge

36
Q

these minerals, unlike mica have a sheet structure

A

clay

37
Q

clay is what type of silicate

A

clay is a sheet silicate

38
Q

what is the most common mineral in the earth’ s crust

A

feldspar

39
Q

know these 13 minerals their names except how tpo identify pyrxine and amphibole, but halite in great detail
quartz
gypsum: wallls
magnitite: magnetic one
pyrzine: 90
ambphbole: 120

must be able to id pictures

A

Phys geology (8 decks)

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