Minerals and rocks

Question 1

Mineral properties

Answer 1

chemical composition - atom bonds can be strong or weaker
hardness - some minerals like diamonds can leave a scratch mark on other minerals but not the other way around
cleavage - tendency of minerals to break in certain direction along bright plane surfaces
color/streak - in powdered form when rubbed against a porcelain plate
luster - the appearance of mineral surface in terms of its light reflective qualities

Question 2

ingenious rocks - cooling and solidification of magma

Answer 2

intrusive - magma cools before reaching the surface large crystal structures
extrusive - magma cools when it reaches the surface (lava)
magma rich in silica - light in color
magma poorer in silica - darker colour

Question 3

Sedimentary - compression of crocs and mineral fragments

Answer 3

formed by erosion, transportation,deposition and compaction form other rocks
compaction - pressure of overlying rock consolidates lower material
cementation - dissolved minerals ex silica and calcite can act to glue grains together
clastic - rocks formed from particles of other rocks ex. shale, limestone, sandstone
non clastic - rocks formed from chemical solutions or organic deposition ex. gypsum, coal limestone

Question 4

metamorphic

Answer 4

modification of rocks through heat or pressure , all rocks can be metaporhised
sources of heat and pressure are : tectonic action of the crust , impact of comets or asteroids or volcanic action

Question 5

magma

Answer 5

complex melting of may minerals also contains gasses such as water vapour

Question 6

diapirism

Answer 6

welling mass that pushes outwards and upward sometimes forcing itself through existing layers of rocks in the crust, incorporating them as it goes