Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are minerals?

A

Chemical substances naturally found in food. Needed by our bodies in small amounts every day

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2
Q

Are minerals macronutrients or micronutrients?

A

Micronutrients

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3
Q

What are the minerals?

A
Calcium
Iron
Sodium
Floride
Iodine
Phosphorus
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4
Q

What is the main source of calcium?

A
Dairy
Green leafy vegetables
Fish with soft bones
Enriched soya drinks
Added to most types of flour by law
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5
Q

What is calcium’s function in the body?

A

Main mineral in the body
Laid down in teeth and bones to make them strong
Large percent laid down in bones during adolescence
Needed to make nerves and muscles work properly
Needed to enable blood to clot over a wound following an injury

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6
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of calcium?

A

Bones and teeth leaked
Rickets or osteomalacia or osteoporosis
Muscles and nerves will not work properly
Blood won’t clot properly

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7
Q

What are the effects of an excess of calcium?

A

Deposited in organs such as kidneys and stop them from working properly

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8
Q

What is the main source of fluoride?

A

Fish and seafood
Some water supplies
Tea

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9
Q

What is the function of fluoride?

A

Strengthen bones and the enamel in the teeth

Prevent tooth decay

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10
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of fluoride?

A

Weak enamels
More chance of tooth decay

As enamel will not be as strong acid from bacteria in mouth will dissolve more easily

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11
Q

What are the effects of an excess of fluoride?

A

Permanently discoloured teeth

As too much fluoride will affect normal mineralisation of the teeth

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12
Q

What is sodium found?

A

Salt

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13
Q

What is the function of sodium in the body?

A

Controls the amount of water in the body
Control nerves and muscles
Helps body to use energy

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14
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of sodium?

A

Muscle cramps can be caused by losing salt I sweat or by sickness or diarrhoea

As without sodium to help control nerves muscles will not work properly

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15
Q

What are the effects of excess of sodium?

A

High blood pressure can put pressure on heart and kidneys which will effect how efficiently they work

As excess sodium make the body retain too much water instead of getting rid of it through kidneys
Extra water increases the volume of blood and raises blood pressure as blood has to work harder to pump it around the body

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16
Q

Where is iron found?

A

Red meat, Kidney Liver
Wholemeal bread, added to wheat flour by law
Green leafy vegetables
Egg yolk
Dried apricots, lentils, cocoa , plain chocolate
Curry powder
Fortified breakfast cereals

17
Q

What is the function of iron in the body?

A

Needed to make haemoglobin of red blood cells to carry oxygen to all body cells

18
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of iron?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia, symptoms include:
Tiredness, lack of energy, weakness, pale skin complexion, weak and split nails

As oxygen is needed by body cells, along with glucose, to produce energy during respiration. If deficient in iron there will not be enough oxygen

19
Q

What are the effects of excess of iron?

A

Poisonous to body

20
Q

What is the function of iodine?

A

Produce hormone thyroxin, in the thyroid gland in the neck, which controls the metabolic rate of the body

21
Q

Where is iodine found?

A

Seafood
Vegetables
Milk
Dairy

22
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of iodine?

A

Swelling in the neck called a goitre.

Because thyroid gland swells so that there is more chance of picking up iodine passing in the blood stream

If mother deficient, baby may develop cretinism (born with permanent brain damage

23
Q

Where is phosphorus found?

A

In wide range of food

24
Q

What are the effects of excess or deficiency of phosphorus ?

A

Rare

25
Q

What is phosphorus function in the body?

A

Along with calcium, phosphorus mineralises the bones and teeth to make them strong
Essential for energy release and other chemical reactions in the body
Makes up phospholipids , special fat molecules that are found in cell membranes throughout the body, but especially in the brain and nervous system