Minerals 2 Flashcards
What are microminerals?
Minerals required in small amounts (less than 100 mg daily) for proper bodily function.
What are alternative names for microminerals?
Often called trace elements due to their minimal required quantities.
What vital functions do microminerals serve?
Essential components for enzymes, hormones, and cellular functions.
List examples of microminerals.
- Iron
- Zinc
- Copper
- Selenium
- Iodine
- Manganese
- Fluoride
What is the role of iron in the body?
Forms the core of hemoglobin, enabling oxygen transport throughout the body.
How does iron support the immune system?
Strengthens immune defenses against pathogens and infections.
What are the impacts of iron deficiency?
Can lead to anemia, fatigue, weakness, and impaired cognitive function.
What percentage of the body’s iron is found in hemoglobin?
65% of the body’s iron is in hemoglobin.
What regulates iron balance in the body?
Regulated by alteration in intestinal absorption.
What is the typical daily absorption rate of iron?
Only 1-3 mg is absorbed daily.
List factors affecting iron absorption.
- Amount of iron in food
- Chemical status of ingested iron
- Presence of ferritin, apoferritin, and gastroferrin
- Availability of acidic medium in the stomach
- Normal intestine and suitable alkaline medium
- Presence of other chemicals in food (oxalate, phytate, tannic acid)
What is the average menstrual blood loss in females?
About 35 ml of blood per cycle.
How much iron is required to restore losses during menstruation?
0.6 mg of iron per day is required.
What is the recommended dietary intake of copper for adults?
0.9 mg/day.
What role does zinc play in the immune system?
Activates T-cells and supports antibody production for fighting infections.
How does zinc contribute to wound healing?
Accelerates tissue repair and promotes proper cell division.
What is the total body content of zinc?
2 – 2.5 g.
What is selenium known for?
Defending cells against oxidative damage and inflammation.
What essential function does selenium serve in the thyroid?
Essential for producing thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and growth.
What may selenium reduce the risk of?
Certain cancers through DNA repair and immune support.
Fill in the blank: The body contains about ______ of iron.
4-5 g
True or False: Iron absorption is not affected by the presence of other chemicals in food.
False
What is the daily hemoglobin turnover for an adult?
About 25 mg per day.
What happens to hemoglobin during growth?
The requirements for iron increase markedly.
What are the functions of proteins that defend cells?
Defend against oxidative damage and inflammation
These proteins play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health.
What is the role of thyroid hormones?
Regulate metabolism and growth
Thyroid hormones are essential for many bodily functions.
How may certain nutrients reduce cancer risk?
Through DNA repair and immune enhancement
This highlights the protective role of certain nutrients.
List some food sources of essential nutrients.
- Nuts
- Seafood
- Meat
- Whole grains
These foods are rich in various essential nutrients.
What is iodine’s primary role in the body?
Thyroid regulator
Iodine is critical for the production of thyroid hormones.
What are the consequences of iodine deficiency?
- Goiter
- Hypothyroidism
- Developmental delays
Iodine deficiency can lead to serious health issues.
Key sources of iodine include:
- Iodized salt
- Seaweed
- Seafood
- Dairy products
These sources help prevent iodine deficiency.
What is fluorine’s role in dental health?
Incorporated into the structure of teeth and bone
Fluorine helps in the formation of strong dental structures.
What is the recommended dietary allowance of fluoride?
1.5—4 mg/day or 1-2 ppm
Fluoride levels in drinking water are measured in parts per million (ppm).
What happens with fluoride deficiency?
Leads to dental caries and osteoporosis
Adequate fluoride intake is essential for dental health.
What is dental fluorosis?
Condition resulting in patchy, dull white teeth
Excessive fluoride can cause noticeable changes in tooth appearance.
List the three main factors affecting mineral status.
- Dietary choices
- Agricultural practices
- Food processing
These factors can influence the mineral content of foods.
What is the importance of balanced intake of minerals?
Supports ideal health and efficient bodily functions
Proper mineral ratios are crucial for overall well-being.
What can result from excessive mineral intake?
Can be harmful and cause toxicity
Some minerals have a toxic threshold that should not be exceeded.
What dietary methods can help preserve micromineral content?
Mindful cooking and preservation methods
Cooking practices can significantly affect nutrient retention.
What should individuals do before starting supplements?
Consult healthcare providers to avoid imbalances
Professional guidance is important for safe supplementation.
What does regular medical testing help monitor?
Mineral status through appropriate medical testing
Regular assessments can identify deficiencies or excesses.
