Minerals 1 Flashcards
What are minerals?
Inorganic substances required by the body for various physiological functions.
What roles do minerals play in the body?
Crucial roles in bone development and nerve signaling.
What are the major classification systems for minerals?
- Dana System
- Strunz System
How does the Dana System classify minerals?
Organizes minerals by chemical composition and crystal structure using a four-part numerical code.
How does the Strunz System classify minerals?
Classifies minerals based on chemical composition and crystal structure using a hierarchical system with nine main classes.
What is the focus of the Dana System?
Structural relationships.
What is the emphasis of the Strunz System?
Chemical composition.
What are macrominerals?
Required in amounts greater than 100 mg per day.
What are trace minerals?
Needed in amounts less than 100 mg daily.
What is the relationship between macrominerals and trace minerals?
Both categories are equally essential; deficiency in either can lead to significant health problems.
List the major macrominerals.
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Magnesium
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Sulfur
What is the role of calcium in the body?
Essential for bone health and muscle function.
What is the role of phosphorus?
Critical for energy metabolism and bone structure.
What is the daily requirement for calcium in adults?
About 500 mg/day.
What is the daily requirement for phosphorus?
About 100 mg/day.
What dietary sources are rich in calcium?
- Dairy
- Leafy greens
- Fortified foods
What dietary sources are rich in phosphorus?
- Dairy
- Meat
- Nuts
What factors increase calcium absorption?
- Vitamin D
- PTH
- Acidity
- Amino acids (lysine & arginine)
What factors decrease calcium absorption?
- Phytic acid
- Oxalate
- Malabsorption syndromes
- Phosphate
What is the total amount of calcium in the body?
About 1-1.5 kg.
What is the calcium-phosphorus ratio ideally maintained at?
1:1 or 2:1.
What role does magnesium serve in the body?
Cofactor for over 850 enzyme systems.
What are the functions of sodium and chloride?
- Maintain fluid balance outside cells
- Regulate blood pressure
- Support nerve transmission
What is the recommended daily intake of sodium for adults?
Less than 2,300 mg.
What are the functions of potassium?
- Regulates heartbeat
- Essential for muscle contraction
- Controls fluid distribution
What are the rich sources of potassium?
- Bananas
- Potatoes
- Avocados
- Beans
- Spinach
What is the significance of calcium and vitamin D?
They work together to maintain bone health.
What should be included in a varied diet to ensure adequate mineral intake?
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Nuts
- Seeds
- Lean proteins
What does strategic supplementation involve?
Considering supplements for specific needs.
What is the importance of regular assessment of mineral status?
Monitor mineral status through bloodwork and adjust intake based on results.
What types of foods should be included daily for a balanced diet?
Fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and lean proteins
These food groups provide essential nutrients for overall health.
What should be considered for specific dietary needs?
Strategic supplementation
Supplements can help address specific deficiencies or health requirements.
Which supplements are commonly needed by pregnant women?
Iron and folate
These nutrients are crucial for fetal development and maternal health.
How can one monitor mineral status?
Through bloodwork
Regular assessments help track mineral levels and adjust dietary intake.
What should be done based on blood test results and symptoms?
Adjust intake
Tailoring dietary intake can help meet individual nutritional needs.
What area of research is being explored regarding mineral requirements?
Personalized mineral requirements
Future studies may focus on how individual genetic factors affect nutrient needs.
True or False: Genetic factors may influence individual mineral needs.
True
Understanding genetic influences can lead to more tailored dietary recommendations.
