Minerals Flashcards
There are almost 5000 known mineral species, yet the vast majority of rocks are formed from combinations of a few common minerals, referred to as
Rock-forming minerals
rock-forming minerals are
feldspars, quartz,
amphiboles, micas, olivine, garnet, calcite
A scientific
discipline that is concerned
with all aspects of minerals,
including their physical
properties, chemical
composition, internal crystal
structure, and occurrence
and distribution in nature and
their origins in terms of the
physicochemical conditions
of formation.
Mineralogy
a person who studies minerals, which technically include all naturally occurring solid substances.
Mineralogist
was a German
geologist who set out an early theory
about the stratification of the Earth’s
crust and propounded a history of the
Earth that came to be known as
Neptunism
Abraham Gottlob Werner
believed that the Earth was once
completely covered by the oceans and
that, with time, all the minerals were
precipitated out of the water into
distinct layers, a theory known as
Neptunism
ABRAHAM THEORY
Is a superseded scientific theory of geology proposed by Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817) in the late 18th century, who proposed that rocks formed from the crystallisation of minerals in the early Earth’s oceans. The theory took its name from Neptune, the ancient Roman god of the sea
Neptunism
=Is the name given to a group
of naturally occurring alumino-silicate
minerals containing varying amounts of potassium, sodium, calcium, and/or
lithium.
=The _ group of minerals
is by far the most abundant group of
minerals in the Earth’s crust, making up about 50% of all rocks.
FELDSPAR
Is our most common material
Quartz
=are a major group of
hydrous minerals that occur in a wide
range of rock types.
=They occur predominantly in metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle.
=Two metamorphic facies
are defined by their characteristics
_.
Amphibole
any of a group of hydrous
potassium, aluminum silicate miner
Micas
is a magnesium iron
silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,
Fe)₂SiO₄.
It is a type of nesosilicate or
orthosilicate
Olivine
Are a group of silicate minerals
that have been used since the Bronze
Age as gemstones and abrasives
Garnet
is a carbonate mineralogy
and the most stable polymorph of
calcium carbonate.
Calcite
are single-chain
silicates with the general formula
XYSi2O6, where X and Y are either
both divalent cations, or mono-
and trivalent cations respectively
Pyroxenes
the resistance of
a material to localised
plastic deformation.
Hardness
A long, thin mark that is
easily noticed because it is
very different from the area
surrounding it: The window
cleaner left dirty streaks on
the windows.
Streak
The tendency of a
mineral to break along flat
planar surfaces as
determined by the structure
of its crystal lattice
Cleavage
is a naturally occurring
inorganic element or compound having
an orderly internal structure and
characteristic chemical composition,
crystal form, and physical properties.
Common minerals include quartz,
feldspar, mica, amphibole, olivine, and
calcite
Minerals
What are the 7 major mineral?
calcium, chloride, magnesium,
phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and
sulfur.
is a chemical element; it has
symbol Ca and atomic number
Calcium
refers to a compound or
molecule that contains either a chlorine ion,
which is a negatively charged chlorine
atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom
covalently bonded to the rest of the
molecule by a single bond
Chloride
is a cofactor in more than 300
enzyme systems that regulate diverse
biochemical reactions in the body,
Magnesium
nonmetallic chemical
element of the nitrogen family (Group 15
[Va] of the periodic table) that at room
temperature is a colourless,
semitransparent, soft, waxy solid that
glows in the dark.
Phosphorus
