Minerals

Question 1

Crystalline Structure

Answer 1

Ordered 3-D arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions
-repeated 3-D structures form crystal lattice

Question 2

Mineral

Answer 2

To classify as a mineral, must be
1.) solid
2.) naturally occurring
3.) definable chemical composition
4.) Crystalline Structure

Question 3

Most common rock forming minerals on Earth

Answer 3

Silicates

Question 4

(T/F) Two diff minerals can have the same chem. formula

Answer 4

True;polymorphs

Question 5

Rock

Answer 5

coherent, naturally occurring solid.
Culmination of minerals. Also could contain glass or volcanic glass (obsidian)

Question 6

Is Glass a mineral?

Answer 6

No; Non-crystalline structure

Question 7

Is Ice a mineral?

Answer 7

Yes
✅Naturally Occurring
✅Definable Chem. Composition (H20)
✅Crystalline Lattice
✅Solid

Question 8

Mineral Identification

Answer 8

1.) Color
2.) Cleavage: Minerals break along 1 or more planes of weakness in the crystalline structure
-series of parallel breaks
3.) Fracture: Break in random pattern; no smooth planar surfaces
4.) Hardness : Relative resistance to scratching
-Talc: Lowest on MOHs @1
-Diamond: Highest on MOHs @10
5.) Reactivity: In lab-reactivity to dilute HCl
Calcite and ground up Dolomite react with it -> Fizzing indicating CO2 production
-most minerals dont react with HCl
6.) Crystal Habit : Shape of mineral when allowed to grow freely
7.) Density (More mafic rocks are more dense)

Question 9

Isolated Silica Tetrahedra

Answer 9

Olivine, Garnet

Question 10

Single Chain

Answer 10

Pyroxene

Question 11

Double Chain

Answer 11

Amphibole

Question 12

2-D Sheet

Answer 12

Mica

Question 13

3-D Sheet

Answer 13

Quartz, Feldspar

Question 14

Rock Cycle

Answer 14

The cycling of Earths material from one rock type to another; processes in which the three major rock types (Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary) form and break down based on application of heat and pressure

Question 15

Igneous-Sedimentary-Metamorphic-Igneous

Answer 15

1.) Igneous formed by solidification of melt that rose from mantle
2.) Weathering/Erosion produces sediment and Burial/Lithification produces sedimentary rock
3.) Sedimentary rock may be deeply buried and transform to metamorphic rock
4.) Heating of metamorphic rock may cause partial melt that creates new magma -> Solidified magma=igneous rock

Question 16

Igneous-Sedimentary-Metamorphic-Sedimentary

Answer 16

Instead of metamorphic partially melting, it can be uplifted, weather and erode and produce more sediment.

Question 17

Deeply buried igneous rock can directly undergo metamorphism w/out turning to sediment first

Answer 17

Igneous-Metamorphic-Sedimentary

Question 18

example?

Does the rock cycle always have to produce new rock type?

Answer 18

No: Sedimentary-> Sedimentary