Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geol 11 > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

what is a mineral

NIHDO

A

naturally occuring
inorganic generally
homogenous solid
definite chem composition
ordered internal structure (crystal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

are synthetic stones minerals? why?

A

no. not naturally occuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

example of natural geologic processes

A

crystallization of magma
precipitation of hydrothermal fluids
evap of salty water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is salt a mineral? why

A

yes. its inorganic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why generally inorganic

A

some rocks are formed biologically
ex. secretions of marine animals & form shells of coral reefs; upon death, it collects on seafloor and solidify to rocks (like chert & aragonite)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

is ice a mineral? why

A

yes. homogenous solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does it mean when a mineral has a definite formula/chem composition

A

it has a definite chemical identity like pyrite (FeS2), sulfur, diamond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does it mean when a mineral has an ordered internal structure?

A

cubic/crystalline
can also be polymorph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can the macroscopic scale of the mineral tell about its structure

A

macroscopic scale reflects shape of structure of crystal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is volcanic glass a mineral

A

no. its amorphous=cooled rapidly from lava; mineraloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a mineraloid

A

NIHD but not O; amorphous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is polymorphism

A

crystallizes in different forms (ex. diamond & graphite both C and aragonite and calcite/limestone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

minerals vs rocks

3

A
  1. can be 1 or aggregate (combining minerals but retain properties) of minerals
  2. pieces of pre-existing rocks
  3. mass of mineral-like matter (glass & coal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the physical properties of minerals (13)
CODIAS, LUHAHA, CLEAFRATA, MOFLUREA

A

color, diaphaneity, streak
luster, habit, hardness
cleavage, fracture, taste
magnetism, odor, fluorescene, reaction to chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

color of minerals cause

A

absorption, reflection, transmission, refraction, scattering, and dispersion of light and impurities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

kinds of color of minerals

A

idiochromatic (idio- ones own; chromatic- color)
allochromatic (allo- others)

16
Q

idiochromatic vs allochromatic colors

A

idiochromatic-one color; diagnostic property (azurite, malachite, sulfur)
allochromatic- variety of colors due to chemical impurities (quartz & jade)

17
Q

what is a streak of a mineral

A

mineral powder form not necessarily same as actual color; constant and more reliable
scratch on harder object or change to powdered form

18
Q

what is luster of mineral

A

ability to reflect light
metallic (appearance of metals) & non-metallic

19
Q

kinds of non mettalic luster

4

A

adamantine (unbreakable)
vitreous (like glass)
resinous (like max candy)
spar (satiny/silky)

20
Q

what is diaphaneity

A

degree of transparency/opacity; light transmitted

21
Q

what is habit

A

shapes and aggregates a mineral is likely to form (small minerals, lines, etc)

22
Q

different types of habits
SaMaBo SpeGaPla

A

massive (aggregates of fine minerals; grainy)
botryoidal (grape like; often in hematite)
specular (aggregate os silvery, mettalic flakes)
saccharoidal (sugary)
galena (heavy and cubic)
platy (muscovite, can remove by layer cuz of weak bonds holding them together

23
Q

what is hardness of a mineral

A

resistance to scratching thru scratch test
a function of the type and strength of the chemical bonds present in a mineral

24
Q

what is mohs scale of hardness

Ten Good Cats Fly Around Our Queen To Catch Dogs

A

talc
gypsium
calcite
fluorite
apatite
orthoclase
quartz
topaz
corundum
diamond

25
Q

what is cleavage

A

break along weak planes; says smth about atomic structure; seen in flat sheets, rectangle prism, elongated parallel prism, cube, rhombohedron, octahedron

26
Q

What is fracture

A

Irregular breakages crystal sturucture/bond strength is equal in all directions

Ex. Conchoidal fracture

Geol 11 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions