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Geol 11 > Intro to Geology > Flashcards

Intro to Geology Flashcards

1
Q

define geology

A

study of earth and other extraterrestrial bodies, form, and composition, processes undergone & undergoing

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2
Q

root words of geology

A

Greek
ge - logia
geo- -logos
earth; study of

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3
Q

3 things to take account in geology

A

time
scale
complexity of replicating natural processes

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4
Q

describe time with respect to geology

A
  • geologic time, deep time
  • millions of years compared to earth’s billions
  • Earth = 24 hrs; humans = 7 secs
  • all processes and events are relative to each other
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5
Q

describe scale with respect to geology

3

A
  • small vs large scale = for impact of certain hazard
  • micro vs macro = micro is petrographic microscope
  • local vs regional = local: mountain; regional: mountain range
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6
Q

describe complexity of replicating natural processes with respect to geology

A
  • models large scale phenomena thru accessible objects and controlled analogs
  • ex. indenter tectonic model (tapponier et al, 1982)= explains current regional tectonics and relative position of india, mainland eurasia. and neighboring plates using indenting block analog
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7
Q

what are the branches of geology

A

physical & historical

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8
Q

what is physical geology

2

A

earth’s rocks and minerals
understand processes below surface

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9
Q

11 branches of physical geology

MiVoPeSt/SEEM/GPlaPet

A

mineralogy
petrology
volcanology
structural geology
seismology
environmental geology
engineering geology
petroleum geology
environmental geology
mining geology
geomorphology
planetary geology

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10
Q

what is mineralogy

A

study of minerals (building blocks of rocks)
both micro & macro

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11
Q

what is petrology

A

rocks; how they form & evolve

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12
Q

what is volcanology

A

volcanoes, landforms made, phenomena, etc

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13
Q

what is structural geology

A

geologic structures (folds and faults) w/ seismology

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14
Q

what is seismology

3

A
  • earthquakes (source and effects)
  • movt of seismic waves thru earth
  • proved earth has different layers
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15
Q

what is environmental geology

A
  • geology to solve environmental issues
  • effect of humans to geologic envi & vv
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16
Q

what is engineering geology

A
  • geology to engineering
  • geologic hazards in construction and operation
17
Q

what is mining geology

A

mining resources thru geology

18
Q

what is geomorphology

A

shape of earh (landofrms) and how they were formed

19
Q

what is petroleum geology

A

extraction of petroleum etc

20
Q

what is planetary geology

A

for geology of planets

21
Q

what is historical geology

A

origin and evolution of earth thru time

22
Q

branches of historical geology

3

A

palentology
stratigraphy
geochronology

23
Q

what is paleontology

A

fossils

24
Q

what is stratigraphy

A

diff layers of rock formation on lithosphere and succession

25
Q

what is geochronology

A

based on time

26
Q

what are the early schools of thought in geology

A

catastrophism
uniformatism
actualism

27
Q

what is catastrophism

3

atlantis, noah’s ark, oracle at delphi, rama’s bridge

A
  • by baron georges cuvier, 16th century
  • change due to sudden worldwide catastrophies (features of Earth remain unchanged between catastrophes)
  • widely accepted by theologians in early 1800s bec. very similar to bible events, cultures, and religions
28
Q

what is uniformatism

3

A
  • by james hutton 18th century
  • earth is continously modified by geologic processes throughout time
  • present same as past processes w/c shaped Earth
29
Q

what is actualism

5

A
  • by charles lyell principle of geology
  • “present is the key to the past”
  • generally accepted
  • accepts long lifespan of the earth (creation takes time)
  • most adopted due to more rational and cyclical ideology

Geol 11 (3 decks)

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