Minerals Flashcards
are inorganic elements that perform structural and metabolic functions when combined with other compounds.
Minerals
Major minerals are needed by the body in amounts of at least ____ while trace minerals are needed in amounts of less than 100mg daily.
100 mg/day
those which are present in the body in amounts of 5 grams or more and require an intake of at least 100mg/day)
Major minerals
those which are present in amounts of less than 5 grams and require an intake of less than 100mg/day).
Trace minerals
Structural component of bones and teeth
-Nerve impulse conduction
-Muscle contraction
Calcium
What are the deficiency symptoms of calcium?
Osteopenia
Osteoporosis
Tetany (Chvostek’s sign)
Toxicity symptom of calcium?
Risk of kidney stones
High blood calcium - calcification of soft tissues
Structural component of bones -Synthesis of ATP, phospholipids -Acid-base balance
Phosphorus
Food source of phosphorus
Protein-rich foods such as dairy, meats, poultry, legumes
Deficiency symptom of phosphorus
Rare cases of deficiency but can lead to anorexia, muscle weakness, confusion
Coenzyme of metabolism -Maintenance of heart rhythm
Magnesium
What are the food sources of magnesium?
Green leafy vegetables, whole grains, nuts
What are the deficiency symptom of magnesium?
Neuromuscular excitability
Cardiac arrhythmias
Low blood K and Ca
Toxicity symptom of magnesium
Diarrhea, mental status changes, muscle weakness, arrhythmias
Component of some amino acids, bile
-Synthesis of connective tissue, fibrinogen, estrogen
Sulfate
What are the food sources of sulfate?
Drinking water
High protein foods
Deficiency of sulfate?
Growth stunting
What are toxicity symptoms of sulfate?
Acute toxicity –> osmotic diarrhea
Maintenance of plasma volume -Cell membrane potential and active transport of substances across cell membranes
Sodium
Deficiency of sodium
Decreased extracellular fluid volume
Toxicity symptom of sodium?
Altered fluid volume
Potential for hypertension
Nerve cell transmission
-Muscle contraction
-Fluid balance
Potassium
What are the food sources of potassium?
Fruits- banana, dried fruit, melon
Vegetables- tuberous root and green leafy legumes
What are the trace minerals?
Iron
Zinc
Selenium
Copper
Fluoride
Chromium
Iodine
Manganese
Molybdenum
Function of iron?
Oxygen transport
Function of zinc?
Enzyme cofactor
Function of selenium?
Antioxidant
Food source of selenium?
Brazil nuts
Beef
Seafood
Deficiency symptombof selenium
Hypothyroidism
What is the toxicity symptom of selenium?
Hair loss
Garlicky breath
Fatigue
Intestinal complaints
What is the function of copper?
Coenzyme, synthesis of connective tissue, collagen
Food source of copper
Organ meats
Seafood
Nuts
Grauns
What is the deficiency symptim of copper?
Anemia
Bone mineralization
What is the toxicity symptom of copper?
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Cirrhosis
Liver failure
Mineralization of bones and teeth
Flouride
What is the food source of flouride?
Drinking water
Deficiency symptoms of fluoride?
Increased risk of dental caries
Toxicity symptom of fluoride?
Fluorosis
What is the function of chromium?
Cofactor of insulin activity
What is the food source of chromium?
Red wine
Animal flesh proteins
What is the deficiency symptom of chromium?
Glucose tolerance
What is the function of iodine?
Component of thyroid hormone
What is the food source of iodine?
Seafood
Iodized salt
What is the deficiency symptoms of iodine?
Thyroid disease
Goiter
Congenital hypothyroidism
What is the toxicity symptom of iodine?
Thyroid disease
What is the function of manganese?
Bone formation
Metabolism
What is the food source of manganese?
Legumes
Grains
Nuts
What is the deficiency in manganese?
Slowed growth
What is the function of molybdenum?
Cofactor in metabolism
What are the food sources of molybdenum?
Legumes
Grains
Nuts
What is the deficiency symptoms of molybdenum?
Neurological damage with inborn error of metabolism
