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Nutrition and Diet Therapy > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

are inorganic elements that perform structural and metabolic functions when combined with other compounds.

A

Minerals

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2
Q

Major minerals are needed by the body in amounts of at least ____ while trace minerals are needed in amounts of less than 100mg daily.

A

100 mg/day

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3
Q

those which are present in the body in amounts of 5 grams or more and require an intake of at least 100mg/day)

A

Major minerals

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4
Q

those which are present in amounts of less than 5 grams and require an intake of less than 100mg/day).

A

Trace minerals

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5
Q

Structural component of bones and teeth
-Nerve impulse conduction
-Muscle contraction

A

Calcium

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6
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of calcium?

A

Osteopenia
Osteoporosis
Tetany (Chvostek’s sign)

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7
Q

Toxicity symptom of calcium?

A

Risk of kidney stones
High blood calcium - calcification of soft tissues

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8
Q

Structural component of bones -Synthesis of ATP, phospholipids -Acid-base balance

A

Phosphorus

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9
Q

Food source of phosphorus

A

Protein-rich foods such as dairy, meats, poultry, legumes

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10
Q

Deficiency symptom of phosphorus

A

Rare cases of deficiency but can lead to anorexia, muscle weakness, confusion

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11
Q

Coenzyme of metabolism -Maintenance of heart rhythm

A

Magnesium

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12
Q

What are the food sources of magnesium?

A

Green leafy vegetables, whole grains, nuts

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13
Q

What are the deficiency symptom of magnesium?

A

Neuromuscular excitability
Cardiac arrhythmias
Low blood K and Ca

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14
Q

Toxicity symptom of magnesium

A

Diarrhea, mental status changes, muscle weakness, arrhythmias

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15
Q

Component of some amino acids, bile
-Synthesis of connective tissue, fibrinogen, estrogen

A

Sulfate

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16
Q

What are the food sources of sulfate?

A

Drinking water
High protein foods

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17
Q

Deficiency of sulfate?

A

Growth stunting

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18
Q

What are toxicity symptoms of sulfate?

A

Acute toxicity –> osmotic diarrhea

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19
Q

Maintenance of plasma volume -Cell membrane potential and active transport of substances across cell membranes

A

Sodium

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20
Q

Deficiency of sodium

A

Decreased extracellular fluid volume

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21
Q

Toxicity symptom of sodium?

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A

Altered fluid volume
Potential for hypertension

22
Q

Nerve cell transmission
-Muscle contraction
-Fluid balance

23
Q

What are the food sources of potassium?

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A

Fruits- banana, dried fruit, melon
Vegetables- tuberous root and green leafy legumes

24
Q

What are the trace minerals?

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A

Iron
Zinc
Selenium
Copper
Fluoride
Chromium
Iodine
Manganese
Molybdenum

25
Function of iron?
Oxygen transport
26
Function of zinc?
Enzyme cofactor
27
Function of selenium?
Antioxidant
28
Food source of selenium?
Brazil nuts Beef Seafood
29
Deficiency symptombof selenium
Hypothyroidism
30
What is the toxicity symptom of selenium?
Hair loss Garlicky breath Fatigue Intestinal complaints
31
What is the function of copper?
Coenzyme, synthesis of connective tissue, collagen
32
Food source of copper
Organ meats Seafood Nuts Grauns
33
What is the deficiency symptim of copper?
Anemia Bone mineralization
34
What is the toxicity symptom of copper?
Vomiting Diarrhea Cirrhosis Liver failure
35
Mineralization of bones and teeth
Flouride
36
What is the food source of flouride?
Drinking water
37
Deficiency symptoms of fluoride?
Increased risk of dental caries
38
Toxicity symptom of fluoride?
Fluorosis
39
What is the function of chromium?
Cofactor of insulin activity
40
What is the food source of chromium?
Red wine Animal flesh proteins
41
What is the deficiency symptom of chromium?
Glucose tolerance
42
What is the function of iodine?
Component of thyroid hormone
43
What is the food source of iodine?
Seafood Iodized salt
44
What is the deficiency symptoms of iodine?
Thyroid disease Goiter Congenital hypothyroidism
45
What is the toxicity symptom of iodine?
Thyroid disease
46
What is the function of manganese?
Bone formation Metabolism
47
What is the food source of manganese?
Legumes Grains Nuts
48
What is the deficiency in manganese?
Slowed growth
49
What is the function of molybdenum?
Cofactor in metabolism
50
What are the food sources of molybdenum?
Legumes Grains Nuts
51
What is the deficiency symptoms of molybdenum?
Neurological damage with inborn error of metabolism

Nutrition and Diet Therapy (6 decks)

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