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Nutrition and Diet Therapy > Micronutrients > Flashcards

Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

are organic compounds which help the body convert food into energy

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and others.

A

Vitamins

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3
Q

Help convert food into energy

A

Vitamins

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4
Q

Some vitamins are ____ or ____ in metabolism

A

Cofactors
Coenzyme

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5
Q

Prevent damage to cells from by-products of metabolism

A

Antioxidants

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6
Q

Vitamins come from the Latin word ____ (___) and the suffix _____ (a nitrogen compound)

A

Vita (life)
Amine (nitrogen compound)

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7
Q

Vitamins have ____ which means thag there are suggested levels of intake of these per day

A

RDA

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8
Q

In cases where deficiency of intake occurs

A
  1. Decrease intake
  2. Altered absorption
  3. Unmet increased need for the vitamin
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9
Q

those foods with added nutrients that are not naturally occurring in the food

A

Fortified foods

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10
Q

Metabolically active form are those which the body can readily use

A

Preformed vitamins

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11
Q

Are those which are metabolically inactive

A

Provitamins

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12
Q

Retinol: pro or pre

A

Preformed

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13
Q

Beta carotene: preformed or provitamin

A

Provitamin

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14
Q

What is the function of vitamin A?

A

Maintenance of epithelial cell integrity
Eye health
Immune function

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15
Q

Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin A

A

Night blindness
Corneal ulceration (xerophtalmia)

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16
Q

Toxicity symptoms of vitamin A

A
  1. Nausea and vomiting
  2. Blurred vision (increased ICP and headaches)
  3. Birth defects
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17
Q

What are the functions of vitamin D?

A
  1. Maintenance of blood calcium and phosphorus levels
  2. Bone mineralization
  3. Cell growth
  4. Immune function
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18
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of vit D?

A
  1. Muscle pain
  2. Skeletal pain
  3. Tetany
  4. Rickets (in children)
  5. Osteomalacia (in adults)
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19
Q

What are the toxicity symptoms of vit. D?

A

Hypercalcemia
Calcification of soft tissues
Renal stones
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting -Confusion, depressive symptoms -Heart arrhythmia

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20
Q

What are the functions of vit E?

A
  1. Antioxidant
  2. Immune function
  3. Alters platelet aggregation
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21
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of vit E?

A
  1. Fragile RBC in premature infants
  2. Peripheral neuropathy
  3. Ataxia
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22
Q

What is the toxicity symptom of vit E?

A

Decreased platelet aggregation, bleeding

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23
Q

Vitamin K

A

Phylloquinone
Menadione

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24
Q

What are the functions of vit K?

A
  1. Manufacture of blood clotting factors
  2. Bone health
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25
Q

What is the deficiency symptom of vit K?

A

Altered blood clotting

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26
Q

What is the toxicity symptom of vit K?

A

No adverse effect reported

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27
Q

Absorption of retinol happens in _____

A

Small intestine

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28
Q

It is largely stored in the ____

A

Liver

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29
Q

What destroys vitamin A?

A

Prolonged heating in contat with air

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30
Q

is involved in the oxidation-reaction process of the rods and cones during adjustment to light

A

Retinol

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31
Q

is a necessary material for synthesis and maintenance of epithelial tissue.

A

Retinol

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32
Q

(hardening and sloughing) of the mucus membrane line of the respiratory tract, GI tract, urinary system, eyes and skin.

A

Keratinization (deficiency of retinol)

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33
Q

is necessary for growth and development of skeletal and soft tissues through its effect upon CHON synthesis and differentiation of bone cells.

A

Retinol

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34
Q

Preformed vitamin A sources?

A

Animal sources and foods fortified with vit A

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35
Q

Provitamin A food source

A

Green and yellow vegetables

36
Q

is hormone-like in source and action.

A

Calciferol or vitamin D

37
Q

It is synthesized by the body I the skin through irradiation of cholesterol by sunlight.

A

Vitamin D

38
Q

Where is vitamin D absorbed?

A

Small intestines along with calcium and phosphorus

39
Q

This vitamin is resistant to oxidation, which makes it valuable as an antioxidant.

A

Vitamin E (tocopherol)

40
Q

Where is vit E stored?

A

Adipose tissue

41
Q

What are the plant sources of vit E?

A

Nuts
Legumes
Germ oils of wheat
Corn
Cottonseed

42
Q

What are the animal sources of vit E?

A

Egg yolk
Liver
Butter
Milk

43
Q

This vitamin is a product of synthetization of normal intestinal bacteria.

A

Vitamin K

44
Q

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of _____ and __^^

A

Prothrombin
Proconvertin

45
Q

a chemical process that aids the phosphate radical to glucose so that its passage through the cell membrane is enhanced.

A

Phosphorylation

46
Q

What are the food sources of vitamin K?

A

Liver
Dark green leaves
Wheat bran
Vegetable oils

47
Q

What are the functions of vit C?

A
  1. Antioxidant
  2. Collagen and connective tissue synthesis
  3. Promotes absorption of iron
48
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of vit C?

A
  1. Scurvy
  2. Petechiae
  3. Poor wound healing
49
Q

What are the toxicity symptoms of vit C?

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Abdominal cramping
  3. Nausea
50
Q

What is the function of vit B (thiamine)?

A

Coenzyme in metabolism

51
Q

What is the deficiency symptom of Vit B1?

A

Beri-beri
Fatigue
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

52
Q

What are the functions of B2 (riboflavin)?

A

Coenzyme in metabolism
Conversion of Vit B6 to active form

53
Q

What are the deficiency symptom of vit B2?

A

Ariboflavinosis
Magenta tongue
angular stomatitis
Cheilosis

54
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of vit B3 (niacin)?

A

Pellagra
4Ds (Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Depression, Death)
Cheilosis
Glossitis

55
Q

What are the toxicity symptoms of vit B3?

A

Skin flushing
Hepatotoxicity

56
Q

What is the function of vit B6 (pyridoxine)?

A

Required for conversion of tryptophan to niacin

57
Q

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis
Microcytic anemia
Depression
Convulsions

58
Q

What is the toxicity symptom of Vitamin B 6?

A

Peripheral neuropathy

59
Q

What is the function of Folate or foli acid?

A

Coenzyme in metabolism
Cell division
Needed for closure of neural tube in fetus

60
Q

Deficiency of folic acid?

A

Macrocytic anemia

61
Q

Toxicity symptom of folate or folic acid?

A

Excessive doses can mask and potentiate vitamin B12 deficiency

62
Q

What is the function of vitamin B12?

A

Coenzyme of metabolism
Cell division
Spinal column myelination

63
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of vitamin B12?

A

Macrocytic anemia
Demyelination of spinal column
Peripheral neuropathy
Dementia

64
Q

What is the function of biotin?

A

Cofactor of metabolism

65
Q

What is the deficiency symptom of biotin?

A

Alopecia
Red scaly rash

66
Q

What is the function of panthothenic acid?

A

Cofactor in synthesis of coenzyme A
Fatty acid synthesis

67
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of Panthothenic acid?

A

Irritability
Restlessness
GI upset

68
Q

Converts folic acid into its active form, folinic acid.

A

Vit C

69
Q

Produces steroid hormones particularly adrenocorticohormones under stress

A

Vit c

70
Q

Aids in healing of wounds and bone fractures

A

Vit C

71
Q

Integral part of the coenzyme factor thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), needed for CHO metabolism.

A

Vit B1 (thiamine)

72
Q

Essential components of coenzymes flavin mononucleide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinuchleotide (FAD); essential for metabolism of all macronutrients.

A

Vitamin B2

73
Q

Needed for conversion of tryptophan to niacin.

A

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

74
Q

Helps maintain healthy skin, tongue and mouth, normal vision, proper growth and development.

A

Vitamin B2

75
Q

Acts as hydrogen and electron acceptors, fatty acid synthesis/oxidation and protein catabolism

A

Vit B3 (niacin)

76
Q

Needed for photosynthesis in plants and fixation of carbon dioxide in animal cells.

A

Vit B3

77
Q

Coenzyme in macronutrient metabolism, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP).

A

Vit B6

78
Q

Essential for the formation of tryptophan and for the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinic acid.

A

Vit B6 (pyridoxine)

79
Q

Essential for normal function in the metabolism of cells, especially in the GI tract, bone marrow, and nervous tissue.

A

Vit B12 (cobalamin)

80
Q

Participates with folic acid, choline and methionine in the transfer of methyl groups in the synthesis of nucleic acids, purines and pyrimidine intermediates

A

Vit B12 (cobalamin)

81
Q

Required for conversion of histidine to glutamic acid

A

Folic acid

82
Q

Essential for formation and maturation of RBC and WBC in the bone marrow.

A

Folic acid

83
Q

Essential in the closure of neural tube in fetus. Pregnant women are given a daily dose of folic acid supplements to prevent neural tube defects in newborns.

A

Folic acid

84
Q

coenzyme factor in carbon dioxide fixation

A

Biotin

85
Q

Assists active acetate (CoA) in the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, fatty acids and carboxylation reactions.

A

Biotin

86
Q

Maintenance of normal growth, healthy skin and integrity of CNS. ▶ Part of coenzyme A which has many metabolic roles in cells.

A

Panthothenic Acid

Nutrition and Diet Therapy (6 decks)

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